WPC9 Ǵ>tq8(M!xe5Lrq$ӴC/9O\~~(/*$7#OԂH'iiZ~.b箂z-nð0]MA婻Uuc[ YM۳mʜb6*.Ao>-/p }q'Ey2Ͼ ٌwW6}Sj;cRQJFOy97= Hn<% M$yFC/⊍bc% q$؍~ZSs=*Ē5px'/]$$,t?I ΎBѩ%>rpr?&? 18vem'333l(_*GvAWS7 n1H ɋR-PS5R} 'n# U<N %5 0(;McUN>gMMM^ w4 m  0l  0Dv 1 1uG 0cM 01# 0=T 0 0>Y 0 0a 0 0a 0* 0 09 0 02 0 0: 0 0_ 0  0k 0h D+/" 0Z" 0!$ 06% 0>% 0:F& 0h& 0F&U6.'U*d' 1' 0w( 0( 0) 0) 0j* 01+ 0 , 1,M-M-M--b- 1-M%.M).M-. 11. 1_. 1/ 1/ 1%0 10 131 11 1A22(3 723 0D&4 72j5j5j5j5j5j5j5 B555555555555 D555555555555555 D55555 C#6 B=6 D5Z6 B6 D56 B6 D56 B37 D1P7 D57 B*7 D57 B*8 C?8 CY8 Cs8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C9 C)9 CC9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9 B-]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9]9 DE9HP LaserJet 1200 Series PCL 60(A Z6Times New Roman Regular($\  `&Times New RomanF. .L3|xU  $    1    _ ` SectionsIandIVofthisoutlineborrowheavilyfromEthical  ConsiderationsinCriminalAppeals,byMichaelA._Kresser_,ExecutiveDirector,_SDAP_,  preparedfortheCaliforniaJudicialCouncilsAppellateAdvocacyCollege2000.  SectionV(B)isadoptedfromWritsinCriminalAppeals,byCarmela_Simoncini_,_ADI_  StaffAttorney,alsopreparedfortheappellatecollege.  B.` hp x (#XB((3$ !      0  (#$  0  (CEMU]emu}AutoList1(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(;3$2#  0  .3  0  0.Normal<:Definition T<GD:Definition L , ;1` hp x (#;  8.` hp x (#886Definition('z&H1      XXX(o&H2  XXX(o&H3  XXX(&H4 XXX XXX(o&H5  XXX(o&H6  XXX20Address8SP6Blockquote , , ;1` hp x (#;   8.` hp x (#8,*CITE,dl*CODEK3<6X9`(Courier NewKXXXS\  `&Times New RomanS42Emphasis6&)4Hyperlink            <:FollowedHype    4go2Keyboard K3<6X9`(Courier NewK XXXS\  `&Times New RomanS<:Preformatted/%  ,Kk (#/K3<6X9`(Courier NewKXXXS\  `&Times New RomanS/%  ,Kk (#/<:zBottom of I4$ ** ddI  B    ?4%2A`Arial?9+*  dd9  XXXS\  `&Times New RomanS  'dxd<:zTop of ForI4$** ddI  B    ?4%2A`Arial?9+*  dd9  XXXS\  `&Times New RomanS  0Kl.SampleK3<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterK3<6X9`(Courier NewKXXXS\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable:8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB  <6X9`(Courier New%2A`Arial6789:;<hCEIMQUY]aAutoList2""""""""i)1)a)(O;$0  2#  a  .3  0` (#(#(b$0  0` (#(#2#   .3  0 ` (#` (#(xir$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#2#(  0  )3  0 (# (#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#2#(  a  )3  0h(#(#(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#2#(   )3  0h(#h(#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#2#  0  )3  0(#(#({$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#2#  a  )3  0p(#(#6789:;<hCEIMQUY]aAutoList3""""""""i)1)a) - -6789:;<hCEIMQUY]aAutoList4""""""""i)1)a)6789:;<hCEIMQUY]aAutoList5""""""""i)1)a)6789:;<s6A37;?CGKOS-*+x6789:;<hCEIMQUY]aAutoList6""""""""i)1)a)6789:;<h CEIMQUY]aAutoList7""""""""i)1)a)6789:;<h0CEIMQUY]aAutoList8""""""""i)1)a)6789:;<hCEIMQUY]aAutoList9i)1)a)6789:;<hEGKOSW[_cAutoList10)1)a)6789:;<h,EGKOSW[_cAutoList11)1)a)6789:;<h<EGKOSW[_cAutoList12)1)a) $    2    _ ` Itisassumedthattheconstitutionalandethicalobligationsimposedona  criminalappellateattorneyapplyinthedependencycontext.i)(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#2#     )3  0p(#p(# HS  dzzzz)!dxdx[[[[)!dxdxd  d||||)!dxdxP Pd~~~~)!dxdx d)!dxdx d||)! dxdx)!dxdx&0 d d)!dxdx&P d d ddd(d2d##*>#SadeC.  #X?##w?#brief.Factthatcurrentlawisagainstyourpositiondoesnotmakeiffrivolous.Theremay   beareasonablebasistoarguethatcurrentauthorityismistaken,ortoadvocatefora   changeinthelaw.#@## @#   #tA##A# &  B.0  BalancingAct  (#(# Inallcases,appellatecounselshouldsolicithisclientsopinionastothenatureofthe   ' NBissuestoberaisedonappeal.Insodoing,counselshouldproceedwithanopenmindand   shouldengageinameaningfuldialoguewithhisclient.However,followingtheperiodof   consultation,itiscounsel,nottheclient,whomustmaketheultimatedecisionastowhich   issueswillberaised.  Inthisregard,itisfirstnecessarytoestablishthatthereisadistinctionbetweenthe  constitutionalroleofcounselandhisethicalrole.P #  2      ׀Pursuantto# B##,B#Jonesv.Barnes,supr#E##F#a,  463U.S.745,itissettledthatappellatecounseldoesnothavea constitutionaldutyto  raiseeverynonfrivolousissuerequestedbythedefendant.#iF##F#(Id#G##G#.,atp.746.)Atthesame  timehowever,itisalsotheviewoftheAmericanBarAssociationthatappellatecounsel  hasanethicalresponsibilitytoraisethosenonfrivolousissuessuggestedbytheclient.  #EH##H#(Id#I##J#.,atp.753,fn.6.)  #`J##J#Withoutdoubt,appellateissues(likedefensesattrial)mustbecarefullycraftedtofitthe  factsofthecase.Moreover,theexperiencedappellateattorneyisinamuchbetter  positiontomakea#2K##QK#Ԁdeterminationastothelikelihoodthataparticularclaimwillprevail.  Appellatecounselmusthavethefreedomtodeterminethenatureoftheissuestobe   raisedonappeal. ! Notwithstandingtheforegoinganalysis,itisimportanttonotethecontraryview # expressedbyJusticeBrennan,whoopinedthat_it_Ԁiscounselsrole tofunctionasthe $  instrumentanddefenderoftheclientsautonomyanddignityinallphasesofthecriminal % ! process.(Jonesv.Barnes,supra,463U.S.745,763(dis.opn.ofBrennan,J.).)Thus,in &!" theinterestsofensuringatrustingrelationshipbetweenattorneyandclient,itisJustice '"# Brennansopinionthattheattorneyshoulddefertotheclientsdecisionastotheissues  toberaised.(Id#{P##P#.,atpp.761762.)  Obviously,counselhasadutytotreathisclientandhisopinionswithgreatrespect.Atthe  sametime,however,counselshighestdutyistozealouslystriveforthebestpossible  resultfortheclient.Thus,itisunethicalforcounseltoactasamere mouthpieceforthe   client,...(ABAStandardsforCriminalJustice(2nded.1986Supplement)Commentto   Standard41.1,p.49.)Indeed,counselbestrepresentshisclientbyrelyingonhisown   trainedprofessionaljudgment.    Thelawyersvaluetoeachclientstemsinlargepartfromthelawyersindependent   stance,asaprofessionalrepresentativeratherthanasanordinaryagent.Whatthelawyer   canaccomplishforanyoneclientdependsheavilyonhisorherreputationfor   professionalintegrity.Courtandopposingcounselwilltreatthelawyerwiththerespect   thatfacilitatesfurtheringtheclientsinterestsonlyifthelawyermaintainsproper  professionaldetachmentandconductinaccordwithacceptedprofessionalstandards.  (ABAStandardsforCriminalJustice(2nded.1986Supplement)CommenttoStandard4  1.1,p.49.)  Generallyspeaking,anynonfrivolousissuesrequestedbytheclientshouldbebriefed,  unlessitiscounselsprofessionaljudgmentthattheissuewouldhurttheclientsinterest  byundercuttingastrongerargument,orinordinatelylengtheningtheopeningbrief.#P##*Q#   V.0  COMMUNICATINGWITHTRIALCOUNSEL.(#(# A.0  GuidingTrialCounselWithRespectforSubsequentProceedings (#(# Regularconsultationwithtrialcounselcanbeofgreatbenefitforyourclient.Becauseof  theongoingtrialcourtproceedingsindependencycases,theresauniqueopportunity   forappellatecounseltohaveinputintothetrialcourtproceedings.Yourperspective ! mayhelptrialcounselformulatenewstrategies,suchasfilinga388petitionongrounds " youhaveidentifiedthroughyourreviewoftherecordanddiscussionswithyourclient. # Yourinputmayalsoensurethattrialcounselpreservesobjectionsandperfectsappeals $  fromsubsequentorders. %!!  B.0  ApproachingTrialCounselWithRespecttoaPossibleIAC Claim '##(#(# If,afterreviewingtheentirerecord,itmayappearthataviableandvalidclaimofIAC )%% mayexist,counselshouldcontactyourappellateprojectbuddy.Thestaffattorneycan *&& giveprovidea secondopinionandalsohelpplanaproperwayofinvestigatingthe +'' issue.Carefulinvestigationintothecircumstancesbehindthequestionedtacticwillhelp  appellatecounselevaluatewhetherthetrialattorneyinfacthadvalidreasonsfortheact  oromission.BeforeraisinganyclaimofIACyoushoulddiscussthequestionedact,  omissionortacticwithtrialcounseltoruleouttheexistenceofanyvalidtacticalreason.  Trialcounselisethicallyboundtocooperateinthisregard.(Seerules3400,  30700(A)(2),and3700(D)(1),RulesofProf.Cond.)   Counselshouldalsodiscussthepotentialissuewiththeappellateprojectbeforeengaging   inexpensive,timeconsuminginvestigation.Anillconsideredpetitionforwritofhabeas   corpusbaseduponIACcanunderminecounselscredibilitywiththecourt,particularly   wherethemisunderstandingoftrialcounselstacticalpurposesisbaseduponappellate   counselsunfamiliaritywithtrialpractice.Opendiscussionwithtrialcounselandreview   oftrialcounselsfilesmayrevealavalidtacticalexplanationforcounselsactions.   Onceconsultationwiththeappellateprojectandinvestigationhaveledtotheconclusion  thatanissuerelatingtoIACmustberaised,thenextquestionishowtogettheissue  beforetheCourtofAppeal.Wheretherecordissilentastocounsel'sactoromissionor  thereasonsbehindit,theclaimofineffectiveassistanceofcounselmustbemadeina  petitionforwritofhabeascorpus.Assumingthepetitionwillbegroundedonmatters  outsidetherecord,youwillneedtoincludesupportingdeclarationsandothersupporting  documentswithyourpetition.  Trialcounselmaybeuncooperativeinpreparingadeclarationassertingheorshehadno  deliberatetacticalreason,oranimpropertacticalreason,evenifheorshewascandid  orally.Anyconversationsshouldbeconfirmedbylettertotrialcounsel,summarizing  whatwassaid.Lackofobjectiontosuchalettermayconstituteanadoptiveadmission  bytrialcounselintheeventheorsheisreluctanttosignadeclarationmemorializing  thosematters.Inthatevent,appellatecounselmayexecutethedeclarationregardingthe  contentsoftheconversation,andtheconfirmationlettercanbeattachedasanexhibit.   Theclientsownstatementastowhatwassaidordone,ornotsaidordone,mightbeof " value.Eveniftrialcounseldoesnotrecallordeclinestosignadeclarationregarding # whathedidordidnottelltheclient,theclientisusuallycompetentasawitnesstomake $  adeclarationinsupportoftheclaim. %!!  C.0  ReviewofTrialCounselsFile'##(#(#  Intherareeventwhenitisnecessarytoreviewtrialcounselsfile,beassuredthatyou )%% haveeveryrighttoreviewthefile.Iftrialcounselisresistant,armyourselfwithacopy *&& ofStateBarFormalOpinionno.1994134(seeattachment),whichprovidesthatformer +'' counselmustmakethefileavailabletotheclientorsuccessorcounsel.Note,however,  thatifthereareongoingproceedingsinthetrialcourt,trialcounselmaybepermittedto  retainthefile.But,theintentofthestatebaropinionsuggeststhatevenwhenthereare  ongoingtrialcourtproceedings,trialcounselmustmakethefileavailabletoappellate  counselwhenthetrialcourtproceedingsaredormant.B.` hp x (#XB