WPCI Ut`LL8_~XRc'D1&cN>N@Թ8 jIqJpnosKo*O=`c\Pr#͂?.{pR |q9N|+u7vQyg82 = d  [1 U܏em VvFE kyU;E*͇.y(̢}Ï7OH-̯؁9dꢉ܈oSBcqm)hn(aW+: I8h{Ezjƕy^/iR/9iV'l nToO S + ]S~fw:siK(KoYk8M}b `ѡ X\p-mgJv@%>j5yS2^{ j quS P%v>=]^ C](\풓(C/-$w% 02& 0*' 0 ( 0( 0) 0* 0+ 0N, 02 - 0R- 0:N. 0Y. 0_. 0 @/ 0J0 01 B*3 D/3 D++4 0V4 D/\6 06 06Y7 07 0:8 0^8 0</9 1ek9U69U>:U*D: 1un: 72:;U+;{?yAtC_F B_H(|H 0NH 0 AH3I 0TII IbIPrinter2 on 2010-omega (from SOLSTICE),,,,0(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX(1$OXXUSUS.,܂> s>N+003|x U1>l `6Times New Roman Regular  $XXUSUS.,    3    _Concurrenttermsarenotpartoftheprincipalandsubordinatetermcomputation  undersection1170.1,subdivision(a),becausetheyareimposedatthefullbaseterm,  eventhoughtheyareservedatthesametime.Aconcurrenttermbeginswhenitis  imposedandrunstogetherwiththeotherterms,withthelatestexpiringtermcontrolling.  (669,1170.1,subd.(a);seePeoplev._Bruner_Ԁ(1995)9Cal.4th1178,1182,fn.3.)(M(3$ !ßXXUSUS.,      0  (#$  0  *+ (_2623  ..  $XXUSUS.,    2    _Thegrandtheftpunishmentstatute(Pen.Code,489(b))notesthatthe  punishmentis imprisonmentinacountyjailnotexceedingoneyearor inthestate  prison .Wheneverthestatutedescribesthepunishmentas inthestateprison ,therange  is16months,twoyears,orthreeyears.(Pen.Code,18.)Thistypeofsentenceisalso  knownasa wobbler,becauseitcouldeitherbeamisdemeanor(imprisonmentina  countyjailnotexceedingoneyear)orafelony(inthestateprison).*G+G (_25   /%` ` hp x /23  ../%` ` hp x /   *8+8 (_24  ," hp x ,23  ..," hp x ,  *5+5 (_23 ` ) hp x )23  ..) hp x ) ` *2+2 (_22  &hhp x &23  ..&hhp x &  */+/ (_21  #p x #23  ..#p x #  *,+, (_20 h  p x 23  .. p x h *)+) (_19  pp x 23  ..pp x   *&+& (_18   x 23  .. x   *AA (_17  5+ ` hp x 523  Ԁ5+ ` hp x 5  *GG (_16   /%` ` hp x /23  Ԁ/%` ` hp x /   *88 (_15  ," hp x ,23  Ԁ," hp x ,  *55 (_14 ` ) hp x )23  Ԁ) hp x ) ` *22 (_13  &hhp x &23  Ԁ&hhp x &  *// (_12  #p x #23  Ԁ#p x #  *,, (_11 h  p x 23  Ԁ p x h *)) (_10  pp x 23  Ԁpp x   (&& &_9   x 23  Ԁ x   (AA &_8  5+ ` hp x 523  5+ ` hp x 5  (GG &_7   /%` ` hp x /23  /%` ` hp x /   (88 &_6  ," hp x ,23  ," hp x ,  (55 &_5 ` ) hp x )23  ) hp x ) ` (22 &_4  &hhp x &23  &hhp x &  (// &_3  #p x #23  #p x #  (,, &_2 h  p x 23   p x h ()) &_1  pp x 23  pp x   &&& $_   x 23   x   0AA.Normal  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  <AA:Definition T  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  <AA:Definition L , 5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 586Definition(hh&H1  5+ ` hp x 5      5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H2  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H3  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H4  5+ ` hp x 5 XXX 5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H5  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H6  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  2DD0Address  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  8MM6Blockquote , , 5+ ` hp x 5   5+ ` hp x 5,*CITE,dl*CODEKL<6X9`(Courier NewKSM\  `&Times New RomanS42Emphasis64Hyperlink    <:FollowedHype    4go2Keyboard KL<6X9`(Courier NewKSM\  `&Times New RomanS <:Preformatted  /%  ,Kk %#/KL<6X9`(Courier NewKSM\  `&Times New RomanS/%  ,Kk %#/  <:zBottom of 7A(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?N%2A`Arial?  SM\  `&Times New RomanS7B(X75+ ` hp x 5  &  d d@)1dxd'dxd<:zTop of For7D(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?N%2A`Arial?  SM\  `&Times New RomanS7B(X75+ ` hp x 5  @)2dxd0KS.SampleKL<6X9`(Courier NewKSM\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterKL<6X9`(Courier NewKSM\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB   ! 35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.<6X9`(Courier New\  `&Times New Roman%2A`Arial3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)Oi)  e  K $XXUSUS.,    5    _Thefollowingaresomeadditionalenhancementsforgunuse:   Section12021.5 (useofgunduringgangcrimeone,two,orthreeyears);   Section12022 (haveagunavailableforusetofurtherthecommissionoftheunderlying   felonyoneyear);   Section12022.3 (useorpossessionincommissionorattemptedcommissionofcertain  sexoffensesthree,four,or10-yeariffirearmused,andone,two,orfive-yearifarmed  withafirearm);   Section12022.4 (furnishingorofferingtofurnishfirearmtoanotherforpurposeof  enablingthatpersonoranothertocommitfelonyone,two,orthreeyears);    Section12022.55 (drivebyshootingwhichresultsingreatbodilyinjuryordeathfive,   six,or10years).    q $XXUSUS.,    6    _ԀThefollowingaresomeadditionalenhancementsforinjurytothevictim:   Section12022.8 (inflictionofgreatbodilyinjuryduringthecommissionorattempted  commissionofcertainsexoffensesfiveyears);   Section12022.9( committingorattemptingfelonywhereinjuryoccurstopregnant  womanresultinginterminationofpregnancyfiveyears).      Ї o $XXUSUS.,    1    _Forexample,lifetermsarestillimposedonthoseconvictedoffirstandsecond  degreemurder(Pen.Code,187)andspecifiedsexualoffenseswhilecommittinga  burglary(Pen.Code,220).  $XXUSUS.,    4    _Factorsthatdonothavetobepleadorprovenarethosethatdonotincrease  punishmentbutmerelyaffecteligibilityforfavorabletreatment,suchaseligibilityfor  Prop36(Inre_Varnell_Ԁ(2003)30Cal.4th1132)andeligibilityforprobationrequires  unusualcasefindingiftwopriorfelonyconvictions.(Peoplev._Dorsch_Ԁ(1992)3  Cal.App.4th1346.) U $XXUSUS.,    7    _Peoplev._Sandoval_Ԁ(2007)41Ca1.4th825containsthoroughdiscussionofthe  newsentencingschemecodifiedinPenalCodesection1170(b),whichwasenactedto  avoid_Blakely_Ԁv.Washington(2004)542U.S.296andCunninghamv.California(2007)  549U.S.2706thAmendmentjudicialfact-findingproblems.   dhttp://www.fdap.org(O$(Vm$0       (,!$0  0` (#(#  Z\- - !XXUSUS.,  _ 8dd8  QW[LXX  #X#-  BasicSentencingIssuesonAppeal#-"#XX $   ]May11,2011   Q#XX# ,   #  ,_#XXFran_Ternus_,StaffAttorney  #XX# , FirstDistrictAppellateProject    730HarrisonSt.,Suite201 \!! SanFrancisco,CA94107 "n" (415)495-3119 "0# #  ,K#~ B=   #$( #  B=Q#  8dd8TABLEOFCONTENTS   TABLEOFAUTHORITIES""I(#.||ii  ]   ZVm  ZVm0     I.0(#(#BriefHistoryofCaliforniaSentencingLaw#""J(#.9(#(##1ZVm݌   Ќ  ZVm  ZVm0     II.0(#(#BasicSystem#""J(#. (#(##1ZVm݌   Ќ  \!  \!q0  0` (#(#    A.0` ` (#` (#Thebaseterm#""J(#.&&!` (#` (##1\!q݌    Ќ  \!  \!X0  0` (#(#    B.0` ` (#` (#PrincipaloffenseandSubordinateoffenses#""J(#.>` (#` (##2\!Xs݌   Ќ  \!  \!\ 0  0` (#(#    C.0` ` (#` (#Enhancements#""J(#.JJ ` (#` (##3\!\ w ݌   Ќ  ZVm  ZVmA 0     III.0(#(#TypicalSentencingErrors#""J(#.((#(##5ZVmA ] ݌  Ќ  \!  \!# 0  0` (#(#    A.0` ` (#` (#Wasthesentence unauthorized#""J(#.3` (#` (##5\!# > ݌  Ќ  \!  \!" 0  0` (#(#    B.0` ` (#` (#Didthecourtstatereasonsforsentencingchoice?#""J(#.&&F` (#` (##5\!" = ݌  Ќ  \!  \!. 0  0` (#(#    C.0` ` (#` (#Wasthereanobjectiontothesentence?#""J(#.;` (#` (##6\!. I ݌  Ќ  \!  \!N0  0` (#(#    # #D.0` ` (#` (#Arethecreditscorrect?#""J(#.HH,` (#` (##6\!Ni݌  Ќ  \!  \!0  0` (#(#    ##E.0` ` (#` (#Werethereanylimitationstothesentence?#""J(#.?` (#` (##7\!݌  Ќ  \!  \!0  0` (#(#    \!݌ ` (#` (# Ќ  IV.0  SelectedSpecialSentencingStatutesandEnhancements#""J(#.D(#(##8   V.0  SentencingAfteraViolationofProbation!ESSvs._ISS_ԀGrantsofProbation#""J(#. Z(#(##9 ! #K#  #   TABLEOFAUTHORITIES       FEDERALCASES      2%#XBlakelyv.Washington(2004)   X 2%#2%#542U.S.296""I%#.| | 5    X?+ ` hp x 2%#? 2%#XCunninghamv.California(2007)    X 2%#2%#549U.S.270""I%#.| | 5    X?+ ` hp x 2%#?  STATECASES       2%#XPeoplev._Acosta_Ԁ(1996)   Ѐ48Cal.App.4th411""J(#. ( @ 7   Peoplev._Andrade_(2002)   X 2%#2%#100Cal.App.4th351""I%#."5   X?+ ` hp x 2%#?Peoplev.Bragg(2008)    161Cal.App.4th1385""J(#.# @ 8##  Peoplev.Benson(1998)    18Ca1.4th24""J(#.  @ 7##  Inre_Birdwell_(1996)   X 2%#X50Cal.App.4th926""I%#. !5   X?+ ` hp x 2%#? 2%#XPeoplev._Breazall_(2002)   X 2%#2%#104Cal.App.4th298""I%#."5    X?+ ` hp x 2%#?Peoplev._Bruner_(1995) "  X 2%#X9Cal.4th1178""I%#.  2 #  X?+ ` hp x 2%#?Peoplev._Childs_Ԁ(1980) % !   112C.A.3d374""J(#.l l  @ 7#'# &!"   Peoplev._Colado_Ԁ(1995) (#$   32Cal.App.4th260""J(#. ! @ 9 )$% Peoplev._Dorsch_Ԁ(1992) +&'   3Cal.App.4th1346#S#""J(#. ! @ 3 @   Peoplev.Fares(1993)#E#    16Cal.App.4th954""J(#. ! @ 7     `  2%#XPeoplev.Flores(1981)   Ѐ115Cal.App.3d67""J(#. ' @ 8# #   Peoplev.Hester(2000)    X 2%#2%#22Cal.4th290""I%#.  6    X?+ ` hp x 2%#?  XX ENUS.,Peoplev.# X XM"# &mG% Howard# % &mG"# XX (1997)     16Cal.4th1081#XXX X."##XX"#US.,EN.,l"""J(#.  @ 9   ̀Peoplev.Jack(1989)     213Cal.App.3d913""J(#. ! @ 6  Peoplev.King(1993)    5Ca1.4th59""J(#.^ ^  @ 7#$#Ԉ  Peoplev._Latham_Ԁ(1988)    206Cal.App.3d27""J(#.t t  @ 9  Peoplev._Mancebo_Ԁ(2002)    27Cal.4th735,747""J(#. " @ 3  Peoplev.Miles(1996)    43Cal.App.4th364""J(#. ! @ 7#&#Ԉ  Peoplev.Mitchell(2001) !   26Ca1.4th181""J(#.6 6  @ 7 " Peoplev.Oates(2004) $    32Ca1.4th1048""J(#.  @ 7#S(#Ԉ % ! Peoplev._Osband_Ԁ(1996) '"#   13Ca1.4th622""J(#.6 6  @ 8#A)#Ԉ (#$ Peoplev.Price(1984) *%&   151Cal.App.3d803""J(#. ! @ 7#*#Ԉ +&' ЇPeoplev.Ramirez(2008)    159Cal.App.4th1412""J(#.# @ 9  InreRamonT.(1997)    57Cal.App.4th201,207""J(#.``& @ 8#z+#Ԉ    2%#XPeoplev.Scott(1994)    X 2%#2%#9Cal.4th331""G%#. 6,7    X?+ ` hp x 2%#?Peoplev._Sandoval_Ԁ(2007)     41Ca1.4th825""H(#.6 6  @ 5,6   ?+ ` hp x X?Inre_Tameka_ԀC.(2000)     22Ca1.4th190""J(#.6 6  @ 7#f.#Ԉ  Inre_Varnell_Ԁ(2003)    30Cal.4th1132""J(#.r r  @ 3  Wilsonv.SuperiorCourt(1980)    108Cal.App.3d816""J(#. ! @ 6    STATERULESANDSTATUTES     CaliforniaRulesofCourt     Rule4.406""J(#. 5    Rule4.408""J(#.  @ 5    Rule4.410""J(#.  @ 6#[1# @     Rule4.420""H(#.  @ 5,7     Rule4.421""J(#.  @ 6#S2# @  !   Rule4.423""J(#.  @ 6#2#Ԉ "   Rule4.435""J(#.  @ 9 #  PenalCode  % !   18""J(#. @` 2 &!"   186.22""J(#. 8#W4#Ԉ '"#   187""J(#.1#4#Ԉ (#$   211""J(#.2 )$%   212.5""J(#.  @ 2 *%&   220""J(#.1#6#Ԉ +&' [L [  [    269""J(#.9#6# @`     289""J(#.8#b7#Ԉ    290""J(#. @ 6#7# @`     487""H(#. @` 1,2    489""H(#.1,2    654x!x!F(#. @` 5,6,7     667""H(#. @` 4,8     667.5x!x!F(#.  @ 3,4,6     667.6""J(#. 8#*:# @      667.61""H(#.  @ 3,8     667.7""J(#. 9#;#Ԉ     667.71""J(#. 9#;# @      669""J(#.2#6<#Ԉ     1170!!G(#.Z Z  @` 1,2     1170.1!!G(#.  @ 1,2    1192.7""H(#.  @ 4,6    1237""J(#.Z Z  @ 9    1237.1""J(#.  @ 7    2933""J(#.Z Z  @ 6    4019""J(#.Z Z  @ 6    12021.5""J(#.h h  @ 3    12022""J(#. 3#h?# @     12022.3""J(#.h h  @ 4    12022.4""J(#.h h  @ 4    12022.5""H(#.2 2  @ 3,7    12022.53!!G(#.  @ 3,7Ԉ    12022.55#/A#""H(#.  @ 3,7  ?+ ` hp x X?  12022.7""J(#.2 2  @ 4 @ #^B#Ԉ  ?+ ` hp x X?  12022.8""J(#.2 2  @ 4   ?+ ` hp x X?  12022.9""J(#.2 2  @ 4 B=   ! ^SentencingIssues!IsTheClaimViableonAppeal?#  B=C#    I.BriefHistoryofCaliforniaSentencingLaw  :   CriminalsentencinginCaliforniaisembodiedintheDeterminateSentencingLaw, 8 whichprovidesforprisontermsinarangeofthreeyears(exceptforafewserious 8 offenses)T #  1      .ThelawcanbefoundstartingatPenalCodesection1170.TheDSLwent  8 effectin1978anditreplacedtheIndeterminateSentencingLawunderwhichallparole  8 releasedecisionsweremadebytheparoleboard.Theappellatecourtsfoundmanyabuses  8 inthissystem,includingthelackofuniformityandarbitrariness,anditwasthoughtthata  8 discretionarydecisiontoaspecifictermbythesentencingjudgewouldresultinamore  8  uniformandfairersystem.However,thelegislaturehasunderminedthisinseveralways, 8  includingmakinganincreasingnumberofcrimesindeterminatewiththeproblemofthe 8  abusebytheparoleboardremaining,andbyraisingthetermofyearssohighthatinmates 8  arenowimprisonedmanymoreyearsonaveragethantheywereundertheindeterminate 8  system.Inaddition,someenhancementsarenowmuchlongerthanoffensesandothers 8 havebeenmadeintoindeterminateterms.Furthermore,thelegislaturehastakenawaya 8 numberoftheoriginalsentencinglimitationsthatbenefitteddefendants,suchasdouble 8 thebaseterm,noenhancementtosubordinatetermsifnotforviolentfelonies,andthe 8 limitof5yearsonnonviolentsubordinateterms.Wenowhavethousandsofstatutesand 8 hundredsofenhancements. 8  II.BasicSystem 8    Californiassentencingschemeconsistsofthebaseterm(thetermimposedforthe 6 individualcrime),theprincipaloffense,otherpossibleconvictions(subordinateoffenses), 6 enhancements(notstandaloneoffensesbutastatusoreventthataddstimetoaprison 6 term),andspecialsentencingschemes,suchastheThreeStrikesLaw.Theaggregateterm 6 istheprincipaltermplussubordinateconsecutivetermsplusenhancementsforpriors. 6 (SeePen.Code,1170.1,_subds_.(a)&(g)(1).) 6   A.BaseTerm. Eachdeterminatetermhasarangeofthreepossibleprisonterms:a !6 lowterm,amidtermandahighterm.(Pen.Code,1170(a)(3));whicheverisimposedis ": calledthe baseterm . #: 0   ` Hypothetical#1BaseTerm: Unbeknownsttothevictim,thedefendant %>!! picksherpocketof$1000.Heisconvictedofgrandtheft.&B""(#(#    Thepunishmentforgrandtheft(Pen.Code,487(a)(c)/489(b))is16months,two (B$$ QW Qe  Q  yearsorthreeyears. #  2      ׀PenalCodesection1170(b)states"Whenajudgmentof   imprisonmentistobeimposedandthestatutespecifiesthreepossibleterms,thechoiceof  theappropriatetermshallrestwithinthesounddiscretionofthecourt."Whicheverterm  thejudgepicksisthe baseterm .    B.Theprincipaloffense istheoffensewhichhasthehighesttermplus   enhancementsotherthanforpriors.(Pen.Code,1170.1(a).) Subordinateoffenses are   convictionsofothercrimesormultipleconvictionsoftheprincipaloffense;theirterms   arelowerthantheprincipaloffense.Thetermsfortheseotherconvictionscanbeimposed   either consecutively or concurrently .Consecutivetermsareimposedat1/3themidterm.   (Pen.Code,1170.1(a).)Concurrenttermsareimposedatthefullmidterm.(Ibid.)  #  3         0   ` Hypothetical#2!PrincipalandSubordinateOffenses: Intwoinstances,   defendantstealsfromthreepeopleonthestreet.Twoofthevictimsaretogether,   andherobsthembyscaringthem;hedoesnthaveaweapon.Healsocommitsthe  abovegrandtheft,whenhepicksthethirdvictimspocketof$1000.Heisfound  guiltyoftwocountsofrobberyandonecountofgrandtheft.(#(#   Here,sincetherearetworobberyvictims,hecouldbeconvictedoftworobberies,  aswellasthegrandtheft.Againwehavearangeofyearsforrobbery.Thepunishment  forrobbery(Pen.Code,211/212.5(c))istwo,threeorfiveyears,and,asnotedabove,  thepunishmentforgrandtheft(Pen.Code,487(a)(c)/489(b))is16months,twoyears  orthreeyears.So,inthiscase,theprincipaloffensewouldbetherobberycountbecauseit  hasalongertermthangrandtheft.    Inadditiontotheprincipaloffenseofonecountofrobbery,hecouldbesentenced  consecutivelytoboththeothercountofrobbery(1/3themidterm)andthegrandtheft  _(1/3themidterm).Orhecouldbesentencedconcurrentlytooneorbothcounts(full  midterm).    C.Enhancements arenotstandalonecrimesbutareimposedbecauseofsome  status,suchasapriorconviction,orevent,suchasgunuseorinjurytothevictim.  0   ` Hypotheticalcase#3Enhancementattachestotheperson: Sameas   above,buthehasapriorgrandtheftforwhichhewenttoprisonfouryearsago. (#(#   Undersection667.5(b),anenhancementaddinganadditionaloneyearprisonterm    couldbeimposed,sincehedidnot remainfreeofprisonorthecommissionofanew   offenseforfiveyears.     Manyenhancementshave washoutperiods besuretocheckthatthedefendant   didnotremainfreeofprisonornewoffense.     Mostsentencingfactorsmustbepleadandproveneitherbystatute,suchas   667.61,subdivision(j),orbydueprocess.(Peoplev._Mancebo_Ԁ(2002)27Cal.4th735,   747.)_U #  4      _   0   ` Hypotheticalcase#4Enhancementattachestothecrime: Sameas   above,butthistimeherobsthetwovictimsbygunpointandhewasconvictedof  robberywiththeuseagun.(#(#   ThemostcommonpersonalgunuseenhancementsareimposedunderPenalCode  section 12022.5 orsection 12022.53 .PenalCodesection12022.5enhancesasentencefor  personaluseandthepunishmentunderthisstatuteisaconsecutivetermofthree,four,or  10years.Or,inthealternative,hecouldbesentencedundersection12022.53(a)(4)for10  years,20years,or25years,dependingifheusedthegun,dischargedthegun,orinjured   orkilledsomeonewiththegun.(12022.53(b),(c)or(d).)R #  5       ! Ї  Inaddition,robberyisa violentcrime(Pen.Code,667.5(c)(9))andtheuseof  thegunmakesthisa seriousfelony(Pen.Code,1192.7(c)(8)),potentiallygivinghim  twostrikes,ifbothcountsareimposed.   0   ` Hypotheticalcase#5Enhancementsforseriousandviolentpriors:   Sameasabove,butinsteadofhavingapriorgrandtheft,hehasapriorrobbery   convictionwithuseofagunforwhichhewenttoprisonfouryearsago. (#(#   Sincehehascommittedanotherrobberywithagun(seriousandviolentcrime)   withinfiveyears,hissentencecouldbeincreasedthreeyearsbecauseofhisstatusasa    repeatoffenderwithaviolentfelonypresentandaviolentpriorwhowassentencedto   prisonwithinthepastfiveyears.(Pen.Code,667.5(a).)Seealsosection667(a):[five   yearsforseriouspriors].OrhecouldbesentencedundertheThreeStrikeslawtoa   secondstrikebecausehehasoneviolentpriorandapresentfelony.(_Pen.Code_,667.)    0   ` Hypotheticalcase#6EnhancementforInjuries: Duringtherobbery,  thedefendantinjuresoneofthevictims.(#(#   Iftheinjuryisfoundtobeasignificantorsubstantialphysicalinjury,itcouldbe  consideredtobe greatbodilyinjuryandpursuanttosection12022.7,thedefendant  couldbeadditionallyimprisonedfromthreetosixyears,dependingonthevictim.S  #  6        Ї III.TypicalSentencingErrors    A.Wasthesentenceunauthorized?     Example: violationofsentencinglimitations,suchasPenalCodesection654  claimsanddualuseoffacts;credits;# m#thetermofyearswasnotcorrect,usedwrong  statute.     Anunauthorizedsentencesmaybecorrectedatanytime,andafailuretoobjectto   suchasentencedoesnotwaiveanattackonthesentenceonappeal.(SeeInre_Birdwell_   (1996)50Cal.App.4th926,931;Peoplev._Breazall_Ԁ(2002)104Cal.App.4th298,304;   Peoplev._Andrade_Ԁ(2002)100Cal.App.4th351,354.)         B.Didthecourtstatereasonsforitssentencingchoice?      Whetherthedefendantgetstheupperterm,mid-termorlowterm,courtstillneeds   toprovideastatementofreasons.V #  7      (Cal.RulesofCourt,rule4.406,4.420(e).)Thecourt's   sentencingdecisionissubjecttoreviewforabuseofdiscretionanditsdiscretionmustbe   exercisedinamannerthatisnotarbitraryandcapricious,thatisconsistentwiththeletter  andspiritofthelaw,andthatisbaseduponanindividualizedconsiderationofthe  offense,theoffender,andthepublicinterest.(Peoplev._Sandoval_Ԁ(2007)41Ca1.4th825,  847.)    Anuppertermcanbebasedonanyaggravatingcircumstancethatthecourtdeems  significantsolongasitisreasonablyrelatedtothedecisionbeingmade(Cal.Rulesof  Court,rule4.408(a)),anddoesnotviolatetheprohibitionagainstthedualuseoffacts.  (SeeCal.RulesofCourt,rule4.420(c)&4.420(d).)(_Sandoval_,supra,41Cal.4thatp.  848.)    ThesentencingcourtistobeguidedbythecriteriasetforthintheRulesofCourt,  includingthegeneralpolicyobjectivesofsentencingandspecificaggravatingand  mitigatingcircumstances.(_Sandoval_,41Cal.4thatp.851;seerule4.410[general   objectivesofsentencingincludeprotectingsociety,punishingdefendant,deterrenceof  defendantandothers,etc.];4.421[aggravatingcircumstancesrecrimeanddefendant];  4.423[mitigatingcircumstances].)     C.WasThereanObjectiontotheSentence?      Thefailuretoobjectwaivesmostsentencingerrors.Anyerrorregardingthefailure   tostatereasonstosupportasentencingchoicemustbeobjectedtoatthetimeof   sentencinginordertoberaisedonappeal.InPeoplev.Scott(1994)9Cal.4th331,356,   theSupremeCourtheld "thatcomplaintsaboutthemannerinwhichthetrialcourt   exercisesitssentencingdiscretionandarticulatesitssupportingreasonscannotbe   raisedforthefirsttimeonappeal." Failuretoobjectwaivesallclaimsinvolvingatrial   court'sfailuretosupportitsdiscretionarysentencingchoiceswithadequatereasons.(Id.)   However,asnotedabove,adefendantalwayshastherighttochallengeunauthorized   sentences,suchasclaimsofdualpunishmentunderPenalCodesection654,regardlessof   whetheranobjectiononthatgroundwasmadebelow.(Id.at354,fn.17;Peoplev.Hester  (2000)22Cal.4th290,295.)     D.Arethecreditscorrect?     Alsoknownas thegetoutofjailfreecard .Inmanycases,yourclientsonlyreal  chanceofobtainingajustcorrectionofhisorhersentence.Creditsareawardedforboth  actualdaysincustodyaswellasconductcredits.    Presentencecredits: withsomeexceptions,defendantswillnowreceive  day-for-daycreditfortimespentinjailpriortosentencing.(Pen.Code,2933(e).)  Section4019remainsthesameandappliestothosewhodonotgetthenewday-for-day  presentencecredit,suchas290registrants,presentorpriorseriousfelony(1192.7),  andthosewithpriorviolentfelonies(667.5).    Postsentencecredits: withsomeexceptions,asentencedprisonerisentitledto   receive,upongoodbehaviorandworkparticipation,half-timecreditsofonedayforevery !  dayserved,meaningthatatwoyearsentenceiscompletedinoneyear.(2933.)  "    Violentfelonyconvictions: Personconvictedof violentfelony(667.5(b)) $  limitedto15percentcreditonbothbehaviorand_worktime_,onbothastopresentence %!! credits(2933.1,subd.(c))and_postconviction_Ԁcredits(2933.1,subd.(a)).  &""   Theerroneousawardofpresentencecustodycreditsisanactinexcessof ($$ jurisdiction,andthereforemaybecorrectedbythesentencingcourtwheneverbroughtto )%% itsattention;itisanunauthorizedsentence.(Peoplev.Jack(1989)213Cal.App.3d913, *&& 917;Wilsonv.SuperiorCourt(1980)108Cal.App.3d816,818-819.) +'' Ї  Butnotethatcreditsmustfirstbechallengedinthetrialcourtbynoticedmotionin  ordernottowaivetheissueonappeal.(SeePen.Code,1237.1;Peoplev.Fares(1993)  16Cal.App.4th954.)Onlywheretheissuewasthoroughlylitigatedatsentencingorina  post-sentencingtrialcourthearingisitunnecessarytoseekfurtherresolutionoftheissue  inthatcourt.Butacreditsissuemayberaisedforthefirsttimeonappealsolongasitis  nottheonlyissueonappeal.(Peoplev._Acosta_Ԁ(1996)48Cal.App.4th411,427.)     Clericalerrorsintheminutesorabstractofjudgmentcanbecorrectedatanytime   bythetrialcourt.(Peoplev.Mitchell(2001)26Ca1.4th181.)        E.Werethereanylimitationstothesentence?      1)PenalCodesection654 prohibitsmultiplepunishmentforasinglecriminalact   wherecrimessharedcommonactsorwerepartofthesamecourseofconduct.      ` Exception:MultipleVictims inrobberycaseswithmultiplevictims,  multiplepunishmentshavebeenfoundpermissible.(SeePeoplev._Childs_Ԁ(1980)112  C.A.3d374,382[defendanttookmoneyfromfivebanktellers;punishmentforfive  countsofrobberywasproper];Peoplev.Miles(1996)43Cal.App.4th364[multiple  punishmentpermittedfortwocountsofrobberywhenpropertyremovedfromjoint  possessionoftwovictims].)     ` Exception:FirearmUseEnhancement 󀄀afirearm-useenhancementunder  section12022.5maybeimposedforeachseparateoffenseforwhichtheenhancementis  foundtrue.(Peoplev.King(1993)5Ca1.4th59,79.)Evenwhenoneshotinjurestwo  victims.(Inre_Tameka_ԀC.(2000)22Ca1.4th190.)Evenwheredefendantfiredtwoshots  atacarcontainingfivepeople,injuringonlyone;fiveenhancementsforeachofthefive  victimspermissibleundersection12022.53.(Peoplev.Oates(2004)32Ca1.4th1048.)     ` Exception:ThreeStrikesCases section654doesnotapplytostrike ! priors;convictionscanbeusedasstrikepriors,evenwheretheyarosefromthesameset "  offactsandwerestayedundersection654inthepreviouscase.(Peoplev.Benson(1998) #  18Ca1.4th24.) $    2)DualUseofFacts 󀄀inimposingtheupperterm,thesameaggravatingfactcan & "" beusedtosupportanuppertermonmorethanonecountsolongasthefactreasonably '## relatestothesentencechoiceoneachcountwhereitisemployed.(Peoplev.Price(1984) ($$ _151Cal.App.3d803,812.)However,the samefactcannotbeusedtoimposeanupper )%% termonacountandanuppertermonanenhancement .(Peoplev.Scott,supra,9 *&& Ca1.4thatp.350;Cal.RulesofCourt,rule4-420(c).) Norcanthesamefactbeusedto +'' imposetheuppertermonmorethanoneenhancement .(Peoplev.Flores(1981)115  Cal.App.3d67,79-80.)    Dualuseviolationsaresubjectto harmlesserrorreview .Iftherecordshowsan  abundanceofavailablefactorsinaggravationaboveandbeyondthosecitedbythecourt,  thereviewingcourtmayconcludethatthetrialcourt'sfailuretociteenoughfactorsorto   allocatespecificfactorstoeachsentenceamountstoharmlesserror.(Peoplev.Osband   (1996)13Ca1.4th622,728.)     IV.SelectedSpecialSentencingStatutesandEnhancements .       1)GangEnhancement (186.22,subd.(b))applieswherethedefendant   committedthefelony"forthebenefitof,atthedirectionof,orinassociationwithany   criminalstreetgang,withthespecificintenttopromote,further,orassistinanycriminal   conductbygangmembers."Thisenhancementappliesevenintheabsenceofactiveor  currentparticipationinagang.(InreRamonT.(1997)57Cal.App.4th201,207.)Gang  membershipnotrequired.(Peoplev.Bragg(2008)161Cal.App.4th1385.)     2)Section289/Section667.6(c) providingthatfull,separate,andconsecutive  termmaybeimposedforeachviolationof 289 proscribingpenetrationofgenitaloranal  openingsbyforeignobjectwhetherornotthecrimeswerecommittedduringsingle  transactionwouldbeconstruedtocreateexceptiontoprohibitionagainstmultiple  punishmentforseparateoffensescommittedduringindivisiblecourseofconduct.    3)TheThreeStrikes 󀄀TheThreeStrikeslawdoesnotaddablockoftimetothe  baseterm,butrathersets(andincreases)thatbasetermforthosewithseriousorviolent  priors;presentoffensecanbeanyprior.(Pen.Code,667.)    ThreeStrikeslawmakesamuddledmessofachievingitsgoal.EventheAttorney   General'sbriefcharacterizesthedraftersofthelawasnotprofessionals,and ! acknowledgesambiguitiesinthirdstrikesentencingthattheAttorneyGeneralsaysare " problemsforanotherday.TheLegislaturewaswellapprisedduringthelegislative # process,throughcommitteereportsandthelike,ofapparentambiguities,inconsistencies $  andcontradictionsintheThreeStrikeslaw,butchosetodonothingtorectifythose %!! problems.Theunfortunateconsequenceofsuchcarelessdraftingisthatthecourtswillbe &"" strugglingtointerprettheThreeStrikeslawforyearstocome. '##   4)Examplesofothersentencingschemesare:  )%%   OneStrike (667.61)forspecifiedsexcrimesandconductwithtermsof15to *&& lifeand25to_life; +''   HabitualOffender (667.7)forspecifiedrecidivistswithtermsof20tolifeand  _LWOP_;    HabitualSexOffender (667.71)forsexoffenderswithpriorsexoffenseswith  termof25tolife;    PenalCodesection269 forcertainsexoffensesonminorunder14bysomeoneat  least7yearsolderwithtermof15tolife.     V.SentencingAfteraViolationofProbation!ESSvs._ISS_ԀGrantsof   Probation      Therearetwotypesofprobationarygrants:impositionofsentencesuspended   ( _ISS_ ),andexecutionofsentencesuspended( ESS ).       An_ISS_Ԁ grantmeansthatsentencehasnotyetbeenimposed,andthustheprison   sentencethatheorsheultimatelyreceivescanbechallengedfollowingarevocationof  probationandtheimpositionofsentence.  XX ENUS.,(Peoplev.# X X_# &mG% Howard# % &mGĦ# XX (1997)16Cal.4th1081,1087.)#XXX X@##XX#US.,EN.,~    AnESS sentencemeansthatthedefendantwasinfactsentencedatthetimehe  wasplacedonprobation,butthesentenceitselfwassuspended.ForESSprobationary  terms,thesentenceisimmediatelyappealableeventhoughithasnotgoneintoeffect.  (Pen.Code,1237(a).)Worse,adefendantcannotwaittoappealerrorsintheoriginal  sentenceuntilafterprobationisrevoked.(Peoplev.Ramirez(2008)159Cal.App.4th  1412.)Whereprobationisrevokedandnotreinstated,thetrialcourtmustorderthe  originalsentenceintoeffectandcommitthedefendanttotheDepartmentofCorrections.  (RulesofCourt,rule4.435(b)(2).)Thetrialcourtcannotmodifytheoriginallyimposed  sentence(Peoplev._Colado_Ԁ(1995)32Cal.App.4th260,262-263),andneednotstate  reasonsforrefusingtoreinstateprobation.(Peoplev._Latham_Ԁ(1988)206Cal.App.3d27,  30.)    Choiceoftermafterrevocationofprobationmustbebasedoncircumstancesat   timeofoffense(ornolaterthanlatestreinstatement).(RulesofCourt,rule4.435(b)(1).) !    Besuretoobjecttoanyconditionsnotapplicabletodefendantscrimeand # circumstanceswhentheconditionisimposed.Also,youcancheckFDAPswebsitefor $  updatedprobationconditionmaterials.4X YO  5  www.fdap.org6NYOb  7hi %!!