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ValidityofthePleaisEvaluatedundertheTotalityofCircumstances  l   Peoplev.Christian(2005)125# WX XD#Cal.App.4th XDX WԀ688examinedthevalidityofpleaswherea X  defendanthasnotbeenadvisedofoneormoreoftherightssheorheiswaiving.Inthatcase,the X! defendantwasadvisedofhisrighttoajurytrial,butnotofhisrighttoconfrontwitnessesor D"  againstselfincrimination.ChristiannotedthatPeoplev._Mosby_(2004)33Cal.4th353 0#! reaffirmed_Boykin_/_Tahl_srequirementthatadefendantmustbeexpresslyadvisedoftherights $l" he/sheiswaivingbytheentryofaplea.Wherethedefendantisnotexpresslytoldofthose %X # rights,however,thedefendantcanstillbedeemedtohaveenteredaknowingandintelligentplea %D!$ ifthetotalityofthecircumstancessurroundingtheadmissionsupportssuchaconclusion.(See &0"% Peoplev.Howard(1992)1# WX XD# XDX WCal.4th# WX XD# XDX WԀ1132,1175.)Christiancontainsagooddiscussionofthe '#& factorsthecourtsconsiderwhendeterminingwhetherthepleawasinfactknowinglyand ($' intelligentlyentered.Thosefactorsincludeadefendantspriorexperiencewiththecriminal )$( justicesystem,whetheranypriorconvictionsweretheresultofguiltypleas(wherepresumably *%) adequateadvisementsweregiven),anysignificanttimegapbetweenpastandthecurrent |+&* _conviction,andanyotherfactsdemonstratingthedefendantsawarenessandcomprehensionof  his/herconstitutionalrights.(Christian,125Cal.App.4thatpp.697699.)  # WX XD# XDX W  Directvs.CollateralConsequencesofthePlea  t XDXX XDԀ  Whenapersonentersaguiltyplea,heorshemustbeadvisedofthedirectconsequences ` oftheconviction.(Bunnellv.SuperiorCourt(1975)13Cal.3d592,604.)Themaximumrange L  ofpunishmentfacedbyadefendantbyvirtueofhis/herpleaisadirectconsequenceofthe 8  conviction.(Bunnell,13Cal.3datp.605;Peoplev.Sanchez(1995)12Cal.4th1,30.)Probation $ t ineligibilityisalsoadirectconsequenceoftheplearequiringanexplicitadvisement.(Peoplev.  ` Moore(1998)69Cal.App.4th626,630,Peoplev.Crosby(1992)3Cal.App.4th1352,1355.)  L    Acollateralconsequenceisonewhichdoesnot inexorablyfollowfromaconvictionof $  theoffenseinvolvedintheplea.(Crosby,3Cal.App.4thatp.1355;Peoplev.Flores(1974)38   Cal.App.3d484,488.)Thefutureuseofacurrentconvictionisnotadirectconsequenceofthe   conviction,andthereforeapersondoesnothavetobeadvisedofthepossiblefutureuseofa   convictiontosupportanenhancementintheeventheorshecommitsacrimeatalaterdate.   (Peoplev.Gurule(2002)28Cal.4th557,575;Peoplev.Bernal(1994)22Cal.App.4th1455, p 1457;Crosby,3Cal.App.4thatp.1356.# XDXXXD#XDXX XD#WXXDU#XDXW)Paroleeligibilityisalsonotadirectconsequenceofa \ conviction,andthusadefendantdoesnothavetobeadvisedofthemandatoryparoletermsatthe H timeofhis/herpleainorderforthepleatobeconstitutionallyvalid.(SeePeoplev.Barella 4 (1999)20# XDXXXD## WX XDA# XDX WCal.4th# WX XD# XDX WXDXX XDԀ261;Hillv.Lockhart(1985)474U.S.52,5556.)Thelimitationoncreditsfor  p threestrikeoffenses,wherebyadefendantmustserve80%ofthesentence,hasbeendeemeda  \  collateralconsequenceofapleatoastrikeoffense,andthusadefendantneednotbeadvisedof H thislimitationinorderforthepleatobevalid.(Peoplev.Barella(1999)20Cal.4th261.)At 4 leastonecourthadfoundthatthereisnoneedtoinformadefendantoftheamountofvictim   restitutiontobeimposedasaconditionofprobationinorderforthepleatobevalid.(Peoplev.   Campbell(1994)21Cal.App.4th825,829830;seealsoPeoplev.Villalobos,S176574,  [decisionpending:Didtheimpositionofarestitutionfineandaparolerevocationrestitutionfine  violatedefendant'spleaagreementinlightofthecircumstancethathewastoldhemightbe  requiredtopayrestitutionbutnomentionwasmadeofrestitutionfines?];Peoplev.Crandell l (2007)40Cal.4th1301,1309[corequestioniswhetherrestitutionfinewasactuallynegotiated X  andmadepartofpleaagreement,orwhetherlefttodiscretionofthecourt].) D! Ѐ# XDXXXD^ ## WX XD? # XDX WX XX XD 0"    # XDX XXY&# FactualBasisforthePlea  #l!   PenalCodesection1192.5requiresthatbeforethecourtacceptsapleaofguiltyornolo $X" contendereaspartofapleabargain,itmustconductaninquiryto satisfyitself...thatthereisa $D # factualbasisfortheplea.InPeoplev.Holmes(2004)32Cal.4th432,theSupremeCourtstated %0!$ thatinordertocomplywithsection1192.5,thetrialmustinquireastothefactualbasisofthe &"% pleafor conditionalpleas,pleasconditionedonthereceiptofaparticulardisposition.Ifthe '#& courtinquiresofthedefendant,itmaydevelopthefactualbasisbyhavingthedefendantdescribe (#' theconductthegaverisetothecharge(s),orquestionhimaboutthefactualbasisdescribedinthe )$( complaintorinawrittenpleaagreement.Ifthecourtinquiresoftrialcounsel,itshouldask |*%) counseltostipulatethatafactualbasisiscontainedinaparticulardocumentlikethecomplaint, h+&* policereport,preliminaryhearingtranscript,probationreportorwrittenpleaagreement.Butthe  Courtexplicitlystatedthat abarestatementbythejudgethatafactualbasisexistswithoutthe  aboveinquiryisinadequate.(Holmes,32Cal.4thatp.436.)InHolmes,thetrialcourtsinquiry  ofthedefendantontheallegationsofthecomplaint,i.e., didyougetacopyofthecomplaint t anddidyoudowhatitsaysyoudidinCount1onsuchandsuchadatewasdeemedsufficientto ` establishafactualbasisfortheplea. L    Aclaimthatnofactualbasisexistsforthepleawillbereviewedunderanabuseof $ t discretionstandard.(Holmes,# WX XD:&# XDX W32Cal.4thatp.443.)# WX XD.# XDX WThereviewingcourtmayexaminetheentire  ` record,includingtheprobationreportoranagreementbycounselthatthefactualbasisis  L  reflectedinatranscriptofthepreliminaryhearingorpolicereport,todeterminewhetherafactual  8  basisexistsandthustheerrorcanbedeemedharmless.(Holmes,32Cal.4thatp.443;Peoplev. $  Mickens(1995)38Cal.App.4th1557,1565.)# WX XD.# XDX W    B.TheNoticeofAppeal!CertificateofProbableCauseorJustSentencing?     0  TheValidityofaPleaCannotBeChallengedonAppealintheAbsenceofa p CertificateofProbableCause \(#(#   PenalCodesection1237.5statesthat Noappealshallbetakenbythedefendantfroma 4 judgmentofconvictionuponapleaofguiltyornolocontendere...exceptwherebothofthe  p followingaremet:[](a)Thedefendanthasfiledwiththetrialcourtawrittenstatement,  \ executedunderoathorpenaltyofperjuryshowingreasonableconstitutional,jurisdictional,or H othergroundsgoingtothelegalityoftheproceedings.[](b)Thetrialcourthasexecutedand 4 filedacertificateofprobablecauseforsuchappealwiththeclerkofthecourt.(1237.5.)     Wherethenoticeofappealstatesitis fromthejudgmentandsentence...,that  statementissufficienttopreserveanappellantsrighttochallengesentencingissuesonappeal  pursuanttoCaliforniaRulesofCourt,rule8.304(b).(Peoplev.Lloyd(1998)17Cal.4th658.)It  isnotsufficient,however,toattacktheunderlyingvalidityoftheplea.(SeePeoplev.Robinson l (1988)205Cal.App.3d280;Peoplev.Hoffard(1995)10Cal.4th1170;PenalCodesection X  1237.5.)Toattacktheunderlyingvalidityofaplea,anappellantmusttimelyrequest,andthe D! trialcourtmustgrant,acertificateofprobablecausetobelieveaviableappealissueexists. 0"  (Peoplev.Mendez(1999)19Cal.4th1084;Peoplev.Aguilar(2003)112Cal.App.4th111,116 #l! [failuretoobtaintimelyCPCnotcuredbytrialcourtsgrantofCPC nuncprotunc].)Where $X" noCPCwasevergranted,thesentenceandanyothernoncertificategroundsmaybechallenged, $D # butthepleaitselfcannotbeoverturnedviadirectappeal.(Mendez,19Cal.4thatp.1104.)The %0!$ issuanceofaCPCisjurisdictional,andthusthereisnorelieffromdefaultinfilinganuntimely &"% CPCrequest.(InreChavez(2003)30Cal.4th643.) '#& XDXX XD  AtrialcourtmustgrantaCPCrequestifnotclearlyfrivolous.(SeePeoplev.Holland )$( (1978)23Cal.3d77[abuseofdiscretiontodenycertificateifrequestpresentsanyissuenot |*%) clearlyfrivolousorvexatious].)# XDXXXD*;#Theonlyremedyforthedenialofacertificateofprobablecause h+&* istofileapetitionforwritofmandateintheCourtofAppealseekingreviewofthetrialcourts  decision.(InreBrown(1973)9Cal.3d679,683;seealso XDXX XD# WX XD1# XDX WLarav.SuperiorCourt# WX XD=# XDX WԀ(1982)133  Cal.App.3d436,438# WX XD2># XDX W439# XDXX XD=## WX XD># XDX WX[rXX XDԀ[ S<( 4 <DLX<#)XX[r?## W)/?# W W XDX W"Wehaveconcludedthatthetrialcourterredinrefusingtoissuethe  certificateofprobablecause.Weissuewritofmandate."].)# XDXX XD?#XDXX XD#WXXD@#XDXWԀIfawritofmandateisdenied,then t appellantmustproceedbyhabeas,sincedirectappealisprecludedbytheabsenceofaCPC.# XDXXXD@## WX XD"A# XDX W  `   ChallengestoanAgreedSentenceRequireaCertificateofProbableCause      Evenwhenadefendantpurportstochallengeonlythesentenceimposed,acertificateof  . probablecauseisrequiredifthechallengegoestoanaspectofthesentencetowhichthe   defendantagreedasanintegralpartofapleaagreement.(Peoplev.Johnson(2009)47Cal.4th   668,678-679.)# WX XDB# XDX WԀAnattackuponanintegralpartofthepleaagreement is,insubstance,a    challengetothevalidityoftheplea....(Peoplev.Panizzon(1996)13Cal.4th68,73.# WX XDQD# XDX W)     APenalCodesection654challengetothetrialcourtsauthoritytoimposeanegotiated   toporlidsentenceisachallengetothevalidityofthepleaandthusrequiresaCPC.(# WX XDXE# XDX WPeoplev.   Cuevas# WX XDF# XDX WԀ(2008)44Cal.4th374,377[certificaterequiredforclaimthatthesentenceimposed,   whichdefendantwasadvisedwasthemaximumpossiblesentencefortheremainingcharges   afteradditionalchargesweredismissedpursuanttoapleaagreement,violatesthemultiple } punishmentprohibitionofXDXX XD#WXXDF## WWqH# XDX WԀ654;# WX XDH# XDX Wchallengetonegotiatedpleawheresomechargesdismissed,but i sentenceotherwiseopentothecourtisanattackonvalidityofthepleaandrequiresaCPC# WX XD"I# XDX W]; i Peoplev.Shelton(2006)37Cal.4th759,763[certificaterequiredforclaimthatthesentence U imposed,whoselengthequaledtheagreed-upon lid,violatesthemultiplepunishment A prohibitionofsection654];seealsoPeoplev.Bobbitt(2006)138Cal.App.4th445,448[Blakely -} challengetonegotiatedsentencerequiresCPC];# WX XDJ# XDX WԀPeoplev.Panizzon(1996)13Cal.4th68,73 i [certificaterequiredforclaimthatimpositionofsentencetowhichdefendantagreedpursuantto U pleaagreementconstitutedcruelandunusualpunishment].) A # WX XDL# XDX W  DenialofMotionstoWithdrawthePleaRequireaCertificateofProbableCause  0  XDXX XD  Adefendantwhoseekstowithdrawhisguiltypleamaydosobeforejudgmenthasbeen o entereduponashowingofgoodcause.(InreVargas(2000)83Cal.App.4th1125,1142;People [ v.Castaneda(1995)37Cal.App.4th1612,16161617;Pen.Code,# XDXX XDM#XDXX XD#WXXDSM#N# WWjO# W W XDX WԀ1018.) Goodcauseto G withdrawapleaisshownifthedefendantdidnotexercisefreejudgmentinenteringintothe G  plea.(InreVargas,# XDXX XDO#XDXX XD#WXXDP#%Psupra,XDXW# XDXXXDQ# XDXX XDԀatp.1142.)Goodcausehasalsobeendefinedas mistake, 3! ignoranceoranyotherfactorovercomingtheexerciseoffreejudgment.(Peoplev.Cruz(1974) 3" 12Cal.3d562,566.)# XDXX XDQ## WX XDQ#  zQ          gS                                 W W XDX WOnreview,thedenialofamotiontowithdrawthepleawillbeevaluated #o underanabuseofdiscretionstandardofreview.(Peoplev.Weaver(2004)118Cal.App.4th131,  $[  145146.) $G !   Sincesuchanissueseekstooverturntheplea,appellantmustseekandobtainaCPCin 6&!" ordertoraisetheissueondirectappeal.(Peoplev.Johnson(2009)47Cal.4th668,679.) "'r"# Similarly,aCPCisrequiredtoraiseaclaimofIACbasedoncounselsfailuretoassistthe (^#$ defendantinamotiontowithdrawtheplea.(Johnson,47Cal.4thatp.681;seealsoPeoplev. (J$% Emery(2006)140Cal.App.4th560,565[CPCrequiredtochallengedenialofcontinuanceto )6%& investigategroundssupportingmotiontowithdrawplea].) Whethertheappealseeksarulingby *"&' theappellatecourtthattheguiltypleawasinvalid,ormerelyseeksanorderforfurther +'( proceedingsaimedatobtainingarulingbythetrialcourtthatthepleawasinvalid,theprimary  purposeofsection1237.5ismetbyrequiringacertificateofprobablecauseforanappealwhose  purposeis,ultimately,toinvalidateapleaofguiltyornocontest.(Johnson,47Cal.4thatp.  682.) t # WX XDxX## W WYX#  T XDX WX XX XD  # XDX XX^#ConsequencesofSettingAsideaPleaX XX XD     # XDX XXs_#Casesonguiltypleasmakeclearthatwhereaguiltypleaissetasidebyanappellant's  B appeal,allthechargesarereinstatedandthecasecanbefullyprosecuted.Thus,appellantcan  . receiveanylawfulmaximumsentence.(Peoplev.Aragon(1992)11Cal.App.4th749;Peoplev.   Kirkpatrick(1972)7Cal.3d480;Peoplev.Hill(1974)12Cal.3d731.)Further,theprosecution   doesnothavetogiveappellantasimilarpleabargainthesecondtimearound.(Peoplev.Schuler    (1977)76Cal.3d324.)     Thus,beforeraisinganyissueswhichcanresultinsettingasidetheguiltyplea,appellant   mustbeinformedofthisconsequenceandaskedifhewantstogoaheadwithsettingasidethe   plea.(Notethatthisisnotaproblemwheretheissueonappealisasearchandseizure,sincethe   remedyifthecourtonappealsuppressestheevidenceistoremandthecasetogivethedefendant   achancetodecidewhetherhewantstowithdrawhispleaornot.[Peoplev.Ruggles(1985)39 } Cal.3d1.]However,foranyissuewhichwouldresultinsettingasidetheplea,appellantshould i beinformedoftheconsequencesbeforegoingaheadwiththeappeal.Thisincludessearchand U seizureissues.)# WX XD^# XDX W  A # WX XDe# XDX WII.0  ErrorsGoingtotheValidityoftheSentence (#(#  0   A . 0(#(#SentencingErrorsAreClearlySubjecttoReviewonDirectAppealwiththeFiling = ofaValidNoticeofAppealpursuanttoCaliforniaRulesofCourt,Rule8.304(b) .-}(#(# 0  8.304(b)Appealafterpleaofguiltyornolocontendereorafteradmissionof p probationviolation \(#(# 0  (1)Exceptasprovidedin(4),toappealfromasuperiorcourtjudgmentafterapleaof  guiltyornolocontendereorafteranadmissionofprobationviolation,thedefendantmust   fileinthatsuperiorcourt-withthenoticeofappealrequiredby(a)-thestatementrequired w! byPenalCodesection1237.5forissuanceofacertificateofprobablecause.c"(#(# 0  (2)8#(#(# 0  (3)8$1 (#(# 0  (4)Thedefendantneednotcomplywith(1)ifthenoticeofappealstatesthattheappealis  &p!  basedon: '\"!(#(# 0  (A)ThedenialofamotiontosuppressevidenceunderPenalCodesection1538.5;orK(#"(#(# 0  (B)Groundsthataroseafterentryofthepleaanddonotaffecttheplea'svalidity.)$#(#(# 0  (5)8*&$(#(#  ,X'%   Panizzon: Notwithstandingthebroadlanguageofsection1237.5,itissettledthattwo  typesofissuesmayberaisedinaguiltyornolocontenderepleaappealwithoutissuanceofa  certificate:(1)searchandseizureissuesforwhichanappealisprovidedundersection1538.5,  subdivision(m);and(2)issuesregardingproceedingsheldsubsequenttothepleaforthepurpose t ofdeterminingthedegreeofthecrimeandthepenaltytobeimposed.[Citation.] ` <( 4 <DLX< B.0  ClericalErrorsCanbeCorrectedatAnyTime  (#(#   Thecourthastheauthoritytocorrectclericalerrorsintheabstractofjudgmentatany  . time.(Peoplev.Mitchell(2001)26Cal.4th181.)Wherethereisaconflictbetweentheclerks   transcriptandthereporterstranscript,thatpartoftherecordwillprevailwhich,becauseofits   originandnature,isentitledtogreatercredence.(Peoplev.Farrell(2002)28Cal.4th381,384,    fn.2;Peoplev.Smith(1983)33Cal.App.3d596,599;Peoplev.Stevens(2001)92Cal.App.4th   11,13,fn.1;Peoplev.Harris(1999)72Cal.App.4th711,718,fn.4.)Aconflictbetweenthe z  judgmentofconvictionasorallypronouncedbythecourtandthatrecordedintheminutesofthe f  proceedingsorabstractofjudgmentispresumedtobeaclericalerrorintheclerkstranscript. R  (Peoplev.Mitchell(2001)26Cal.4th181,185187;Peoplev.Chambers(2002)104Cal.App.4th >  1047,1050;seealsoPen.Code,1207[recordingofthejudgmentinclerksminutesgenerallya *z clericalratherthanjudicialduty];Peoplev.Price(2004)120Cal.App.4th224,242.)Thecourt f hastheauthoritytocorrectclericalerrorsintheabstractofjudgmentatanytime.(Peoplev. R Mitchell,supra,26Cal.4thatp.185.)Therecordoftheoralpronouncementofthecourt > controlsovertheclerksminuteorder.(Peoplev.Farrell,supra,28Cal.4that384,fn.2.)  * C.0  ErrorsintheCalculationofCreditsCanbeCorrectedatAnyTime(ProandCon)i(#(#  XDXX XD  Anerroneousawardofpresentencecustodycreditsisanactinexcessofjurisdiction,and X thereforemaybecorrectedbythesentencingcourtwheneverbroughttoitsattention.(Peoplev. D Jack(1989)213Cal.App.3d913,917;Wilsonv.SuperiorCourt(1980)108Cal.App.3d816, 0 818819.)Incorrectcreditdeterminations,whetheraccruingtothedefendantsfavoror l improperlydenyingcreditstowhichappellantisentitled,constituteanunauthorizedsentenceand X thereforecanbecorrectedatanytime.(Peoplev.Huff(1990)223Cal.App.3d1100,1106.)# XDXXXDv#XDXX XD D   Errorsinthecalculationofcreditsmustbechallengedinthetrialcourtbynoticedmotion 3 inordernottowaivetheissueonappeal.(Pen.Code,1237.1;Peoplev.Fares(1993)16  o Cal.App.4th954.)Whileinthepastaninformallettertothesentencingjudgewassufficientas  ![ anattempttoresolvethisissue,thatisnolongerthecase.PursuanttoPeoplev.Clavel(2002) !G 103Cal.App.4th516,counselmustfileanoticedmotionwiththetrialcourtseekingtoresolvea "3 disputedcreditsissueinordertoproperlypreservetheissueforappellatereview.Iftheissue #  wasthoroughlylitigatedatsentencingorinapostsentencingtrialcourthearing,thenitisnot $ ! necessarytoseekfurtherresolutionoftheissueinthatcourt.Peoplev.Acosta(1996)48 % " Cal.App.4th411,427,statesthatacreditsissuemayberaisedforthefirsttimeonappealsolong &!# asitisnottheonlyissueonappeal.Thus,unlessthecreditsissueisraisedalongwithother '"$ errorsonappeal,thedefendantriskshavinghisappealdismissedifheorshehasnotfirst k(#% attemptedtoremedythoseerrorsinthetrialcourt.Aninformallettertothetrialcourtjudgeis W)$& oftensufficienttoremedytheproblem.Ifsuchinformaleffortsarenotsuccessful,thenaformal C*%' noticedmotionwillbenecessaryunderClavel.# XDXXXDy#  /+&(  D.0  PenalCodesection654ClaimsareWaivedbyaPleaBargain(#(#   CaliforniaRulesofCourt,rule4.412,subdivision(b)statesthatanagreementtoa ? specifiedsentenceabandonsanyclaimanappellantmayhaveundersection654: + 0  Byagreeingtoaspecifiedprisontermpersonallyandbycounsel,adefendantwhois j sentencedtothattermorashorteroneabandonsanyclaimthatacomponentofthe  V sentenceviolatessection654'sprohibitionofdoublepunishment,unlessthatclaimis  B assertedatthetimetheagreementisrecitedontherecord. .(#(#   A654challengetothetrialcourtsauthoritytoimposeanegotiatedtoporlidsentenceis  m achallengetothevalidityofthepleaandthusrequiresaCPC.(Peoplev.Shelton(2006)37  Y Cal.4th759,766;seealsoPeoplev.Bobbitt(2006)138Cal.App.4th445,448[Blakelychallenge  E  tonegotiatedsentencerequiresCPC];Peoplev.Cuevas(2008)44Cal.4th374,377[certificate 1  requiredforclaimthatthesentenceimposed,whichdefendantwasadvisedwasthemaximum   possiblesentencefortheremainingchargesafteradditionalchargesweredismissedpursuanttoa   pleaagreement,violatesthemultiplepunishmentprohibitionofXDXX XD# XDXXXDq#Ԁ654;challengetonegotiated   pleawheresomechargesdismissed,butsentenceotherwiseopentothecourtisanattackon   validityofthepleaandrequiresaCPC].) }  E. 0  TheFailuretoObjectWaivesMostSentencingErrors  (#(# X XX XD  # XDX XX#Anyerrorregardingthefailuretostatereasonstosupportasentencingchoicemustbe O objectedtoatthetimeofsentencinginordertoberaisedonappeal.InPeoplev.Scott(1994)9 ; Cal.4th331,356,theSupremeCourtheld thatcomplaintsaboutthemannerinwhichthetrial ' courtexercisesitssentencingdiscretionandarticulatesitssupportingreasonscannotberaisedfor  thefirsttimeonappeal.Failuretoobjectwaivesallclaimsinvolvingatrialcourt'sfailureto  supportitsdiscretionarysentencingchoiceswithadequatereasons.XDXX XD(Id.)# XDXXXD#ԀThecourtuphelda  defendant'srighttochallengeunauthorizedsentences,suchasclaimsofdualpunishmentunder  PenalCodesection654,regardlessofwhetheranobjectiononthatgroundwasmadebelow.(Id. s at354,fn.17;XDXX XDPeoplev.Hester(2000)22Cal.4th290,295# XDXXXDh#) _   Anunauthorizedsentencesmaybecorrectedatanytime,andafailuretoobjecttosucha  sentencedoesnotwaiveanattackonthesentenceonappeal.(SeeInreBirdwell(1996)50  Cal.App.4th926,931;Peoplev.Breazall(2002)104Cal.App.4th298,304;Peoplev.Andrade v  (2002)100Cal.App.4th351,354.)Arelatedexceptiontothewaiverruleisthatitisnot b! generallyappliedwhentheerrorinvolvesapurequestionoflaw,whichcanberesolvedon N" appealwithoutreferencetoarecorddevelopedbelow.(Peoplev.Williams(1999)77 :# Cal.App.4th436,460.) &$v   III.0  ErrorWhichGoestotheEnforcementoftheBargain &!"(#(#  A.0  TheTrialCourtCanRejectaPleaAgreementatanyTimePriortoSentencing'3##(#(#   Approvalofthetrialcourtisanessentialelementofapleabargain.(Peoplev.Alvernaz ")r$$ (1992)2Cal.4th924,941;Peoplev.Smith(1975)53Cal.App.3d655;Peoplev.Cardoza(1984) *^%% 161Cal.App.3d40.)Thetrialjudgeretainspowerbeforethejudgmentisfinaltowithdrawalits *J&& approvalofapleabargainandvacateaguiltyornolopleasuasponte.XDXX XD(PenalCode# XDXXXDz#XDXX XD# XDXXXDȒ#XDXX XDԀ1192.5; +6'' # XDXXXD#Peoplev.Thornton(2006)137Cal.App.4th241[trialcourthasoptiontodisapproveof  agreementreachedbydefendantandprosecution;Peoplev.Akins(2005)128Cal.App.4th1376  [courtretainsauthoritynottosentenceinaccordancewithtermsofpleawheresubsequently  learnsoffactsthatrenderagreedsentenceinappropriate];Peoplev.SuperiorCourt(Gifford) t (1997)53Cal.App.4th1333[courthasbroaddiscretiontowithdrawpriorapprovalofnegotiated ` pleawherecourtdecidesbargainnotinthebestinterestofsociety];Peoplev.Thomas(1994)25 L  Cal.App.4th921.)Thefailuretoadviseadefendantatthetimeofhispleathattheacceptanceof 8  theagreementisconditionaldoesnotentitleadefendanttospecificenforcementofthebargain. $ t (Peoplev.King(1981)123Cal.App.3d406.)Ifapleaagreementisunacceptabletothetrial  ` court,theremedyistorejectit.(Peoplev.Cunningham(1996)49Cal.App.4th1044.)   L  B.0  ADefendantisEstoppedfromAttackinganUnauthorizedButAgreedUponTerm; (#(#   XDXX XDDefendantswaiveanyrighttochallengeanunauthorizedsentencewhentheyspecifically z  bargainforanagreeduponterm.(Peoplev.Hester(2000)22Cal.4th290,295.)TheCourt f  stated: Wherethedefendantshavepleadedguiltyinreturnforaspecifiedsentence,appellate R  courtswillnotfinderroreventhoughthetrialcourtactedinexcessofjurisdictioninreaching >  thatfigure,solongasthetrialcourtdidnotlackfundamentaljurisdiction.Therationalebehind *z thispolicyisthatdefendantswhohavereceivedthebenefitoftheirbargainshouldnotbe f allowedtotriflewiththecourtsbyattemptingtobetterthebargainthroughtheappellate R process.# XDXXXD#XDXX XD# XDXXXD#XDXX XD > # XDXXXDL#XDXX XD C# XDXXXD#.  BothPartiesMustAdheretotheBargain     -}   Thereciprocalnatureofapleabargainagreementmandatesthateitherpartytothe l agreementbeentitledtoenforcetheagreementinasituationwherethepartyisdeprivedofthe X benefitofthebargain.(Peoplev.Collins(1996)45Cal.App.4th849,863;seealsoPeoplev. D Mancheno(1982)32Cal.3d855,860[eitherdefendantorthePeoplemayseekspecific 0 performanceofapleabargainagreement].)Neitherpartymay retainthefavorableaspectsof l hisnegotiateddispositionandatthesametimejettisonitsunfavorableaspects.(Peoplev. X Velasquez(1999)69Cal.App.4th503,507.)XDXX XD D   Thepunishmentmaynotsignificantlyexceedthatwhichthepartiesagreedupon.(People 3 v.Walker(1991)54Cal.3d1013,1024.)Forinstance,anawardofvictimrestitutioninamount  o greatlyexceededthatspecifiedinpleaagreementviolatesthatagreement,resultinginthe  ![ opportunitytowithdrawplea.(Peoplev.Brown(2007)147Cal.App.4th1213,12241226.)# XDXXXDd# !G  XDXX XD D.0  TheTermsofaPleaBargainareEvaluatedunderContractLaw 6#(#(#   A# XDXX XD#4 O  5  6Vjag  7  XDXX XDԀcriminaldefendanthasadueprocessrighttoenforcethetermsofhispleaagreement. y$  (# XDXX XD#4 O  5   XDXX XDSantobellov.NewYork(1971)# XDXX XD#6ag  7  XDXX XD404U.S.257,261262.)# XDXX XD# XDXX XDԀ# XDXX XD# XDXX XDInCalifornia, anegotiatedplea e% ! agreementisaformofcontract,anditisinterpretedaccordingtogeneralcontractprinciples,# XDXX XD`#48 "O  5   XDXX XD Q&!" (Peoplev.Shelton(2006)# XDXX XD#6@Tag  7 49 O  5   XDXX XDԀ37Cal.4th759,767)# XDXX XD#6lag  7L XDXX XD,and accordingtothesamerulesasother ='"# contracts.(# XDXX XDs#4:~O  5   XDXX XDPeoplev.Toscano(2004)# XDXX XDZ#6ag  7J4;O  5   XDXX XD124Cal.App.4th340,344.)# XDXX XDn#63ag  7Fa XDXX XD )(y#$  # XDXX XD+#E.0  ThePartiesCannotBargainAwayCertainThings h)$%(#(# XDXX XD  VictimRestitutionCannotbeBargainedAway  *%&   PenalCodesection1202.4;Peoplev.Giordano(2007)42Cal.4th644,653654[victims +:'' entitledtovictimrestitution];Peoplev.Brown(2007)147Cal.App.4th1213,12241226# XDXXXD#XDXX XD;People  v.Rowland(1997)51Cal.App.4th1745.17511752[pleadealwhichspecificallycallsforno  victimrestitutionisinvalid].)# XDXXXDQ# XDXX XD   F. # XDXX XDE# XDXX XDԀ # XDXX XD#0  EnforcementoftheBargain!Appeal,CoramNobis,Habeas? (#(#   Whereseekingenforcementofapleaagreementviaanappeal,nocertificateofprobable  Z causeisrequired. Ontheotherhand,ifadefendantclaimsonappealthatthesentenceimposed  F violatedapleaagreement,nocertificateofprobablecauseisrequiredeventhoughtheresultofa  2 successfulappealcouldbethewithdrawalofthedefendant'splea.Whentheappealisbased   uponviolationofthepleaagreementatsentencing,itisbaseduponallegedimproprietiesinthe   sentencingproceedings,andnotuponanyallegedinvalidityoftheguiltypleaatthetimeitwas    entered.(Peoplev.Johnson(2009)47Cal.4th668,678679,fn.5.)XDXX XDThecourtwilllooktothe   substanceoftheclaimtodeterminewhethertheclaimederrorconstitutesanattackonthe ~  underlyingvalidityoftheplea,requiringaCPC,orwhetheritisanattempttoenforcetheplea j  agreement.(Peoplev.Panizzon(1996)13Cal.4th68,75-76;Peoplev.Johnson(2009)47 V  Cal.4th668)# XDXXXDj#Ԁ B    Adefendantcanenforcethetermsofapleabargainbybringingamotiontovacatethe  judgmentorawritoferrorcoramnobis.(Peoplev.Collins(1996)45Cal.App.4th849,863.) m Wherethetermsofthebargainarenotadequatelyshownontherecord,orwherethetimefor Y filinganoticeofappealhasexpired,adefendantcanseektoenforcethetermsofthebargain E throughhabeasorcoramnobisprocedures. 1  IV.0  SomeErrorsAreWaivedbyaGuiltyPlea,IrrespectiveoftheIssuanceofa  CertificateofProbableCause (#(#   Obtainingacertificateofprobablecausedoesnotmakecognizablethoseissueswhich * havebeenwaivedbyapleaofguilty.(Peoplev.Kaanehe(1977)19Cal.3d1,9;Peoplev.  Hernandez(1992)6Cal.App.4th1355,1361.)Evenifthetrialcourtgrantsacertificateof  probablecause,certainissuesarewaivedbyaguiltypleaandcannotberaisedondirectappeal.   A.  IssuesWaivedbyaGuiltyPlea  -   IssuesGoingtoGuiltorInnocence  !l XDXX XDAguiltypleaadmitseveryelementofthechargedoffenseandconstitutesaconviction.(Peoplev. [" Hoffard(1995)10Cal.4th1170,11771178;Peoplev.Laudermilk(1967)67Cal.2d272,281.) G# Issuesthatconcernthedeterminationofguiltorinnocencearenotcognizableonappeal. 3$ (Hoffardatp.1178;Peoplev.Hunter(2002)100Cal.App.4th37,42;Peoplev.Ribero(1971)4 %o  Cal.3d55,63.)# XDXXXD#  &[!!   SeeFDAPManual,GuiltyPleaAppeals,IssuesWaivedandIssuesCognizable,last J'"" updatedSeptember,2003,foradditionallawconcerningissuesthatsurviveaplea.