WPCX S+ҿ~j;~ϴO*!P.ߥ;M(z\Dt0")=*~νtƕ{;4}MbcJn4_ wz5q oBSGRtԭ`*53k MNGzivMp). a:J6A麜REfarqE|`FO󧐚wHfwy IxcZ,h(^w0秏n`a?s4i' M3,D*撵X dޭi#Y[4 DУCjUY!pO;B&k~mc"Gda PQPvG (kC٪y6QcÖE FlTXz6PHfxdZXZ$nE=IUg1TX-$&Q0m,~˂^@#UNI % 0Y^ w 4  ) m+ 0UB 0 0n 0' 0 0 0. 0 0j 0 0 0} 0$ 0 0` 0 0 0  0 0D 0 0 0H 0 0r 0 0~ 0< 0> 0, 0-& 0n 0B^ 0A 0 0.B 0< 0 ! 0" 0($ 06y% 0:% B-% 0C& 0Y&Uh6&U>1'o' 8?_7EHU.XHP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL6,,,,0(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX(1$OXXUSUS.,Ԙ3 c3athryn3|xCU*+ (_2623  ..*A+A (_25   ) X`h)23  ..) X`h)   *2+2 (_24  &X`h&23  ..&X`h&  */+/ (_23 ` #XX`h#23  ..#XX`h# ` *,+, (_22   `h 23  .. `h  *)+) (_21  `h23  ..`h  *&+& (_20 h ``h23  ..``h h *#+# (_19   h23  .. h  * +  (_18   h23  .. h  *;; (_17  /% P X`h/23  Ԁ/% P X`h/  *AA (_16   ) X`h)23  Ԁ) X`h)   *22 (_15  &X`h&23  Ԁ&X`h&  *// (_14 ` #XX`h#23  Ԁ#XX`h# ` *,, (_13   `h 23  Ԁ `h  *)) (_12  `h23  Ԁ`h  *&& (_11 h ``h23  Ԁ``h h *## (_10   h23  Ԁ h  (   &_9   h23  Ԁ h  (;; &_8  /% P X`h/23  /% P X`h/  (AA &_7   ) X`h)23  ) X`h)   (22 &_6  &X`h&23  &X`h&  (// &_5 ` #XX`h#23  #XX`h# ` (,, &_4   `h 23   `h  ()) &_3  `h23  `h  (&& &_2 h ``h23  ``h h (## &_1   h23   h  &   $_   h23   h  <:Default Para0__.Style1   /% P X`h/  /% P X`h/  <__:footnote tex   /% P X`h/  /% P X`h/  <GG:footer,Foote           <:Footer Char <:footnote ref86Hyperlink6<__:Normal (Web)   /% P X`h/XXX  /% P X`h/  64Body Text     /% P X`h/    /% P X`h/  86Plain Text   /% P X`h/K8<6X9`(Courier NewKS9\  `&Times New RomanS  /% P X`h/  <ll:HTML TypewriS9\  `&Times New RomanSS9\  `&Times New RomanS<:HTML Preform   A7  %(+.147AK8<6X9`(Courier NewKS9\  `&Times New RomanS  A7  %(+.147A  :__8Body Text 2  , /%$ $ P X`h/  /% P X`h/  0.Strong :8page number)Hairline d($    (a2$ !@XXUSUS.,    0  <6X9`(Courier New\  `&Times New Roman  !@XXUSUS.,  _@99% P X`hX9 @  @ #9@9\#99@#9{#9  ! U X!) @ $  U $9@9  $ U  $)  #9@9@(#99@#9j#9#9@9⯓##@9@#9@@99@#9:#9+  #9@,9Y##@9@#9@@  1  +  Section202statesinpertinentpart:)Q݌  Ќ99@ @ $ U U $    @  @  @  @   ) @ $  U $9@9   @   $ U  $)r  ݁(a)Thepurposeofthischapteristoprovidefortheprotectionandsafety  ofthepublicandeachminorunderthejurisdictionofthejuvenilecourtand  topreserveandstrengthentheminorsfamilytieswheneverpossible,  removingtheminorfromthecustodyofhisorherparentsonlywhen  necessaryforhisorherwelfareorforthesafetyandprotectionofthe   public.8(b)Minorsunderthejurisdictionofthejuvenilecourtwhoare   inneedofprotectiveservicesshallreceivecare,treatmentandguidance   consistentwiththeirbestinterestandthebestinterestofthepublic.Minors   underthejurisdictionofthejuvenilecourtasaconsequenceofdelinquent    conductshall,inconformitywiththeinterestsofpublicsafetyand ~  protection,receivecare,treatment,andguidancethatisconsistentwith y  theirbestinterest,thatholdsthemaccountablefortheirbehavior,andthat t  isappropriatefortheircircumstances.)r$݌ m  Ќ99@ @ $ U U $    @  @  @     ) @ $  U $9@9  $ U  $)   ***) M ݌ h  Ќ99@ @ $ U U $    @  @  @  @  @  @  @     ) @ $  U $9@9  $ U  $)i   (d)Juvenilecourtsandotherpublicagencieschargedwithenforcing, c interpreting,andadministeringthejuvenilecourtlawshallconsiderthe ^ safetyandprotectionofthepublic,theimportanceofredressinginjuriesto Y victims,andthebestinterestsoftheminorinalldeliberationspursuantto T thischapter.Participantsinthejuvenilejusticesystemshallhold O themselvesaccountableforitsresults.(Italicsadded.)99@#9#9  !@XXUSUS.,  _@99% P X`hX9 @  @  @ #9@9\#99@#9{#9  ) @ !  X!9@9  x$ U  $)  #9@9@3#99@#9u#9#9@9⯏##@9@#9@@99@#96#9+  #9@,9U##@9@#9@@  2  +  ݀Section734states,inpertinentpart: Nowardofthejuvenilecourtshall x becommittedtotheYouthAuthorityunlessthejudgeofthecourtisfully s satisfiedthatthementalandphysicalconditionandqualificationsofthe n wardaresuchastorenderitprobablethathewillbe_benefited_Ԁbythe i reformatoryeducationaldisciplineorothertreatmentprovidedbytheYouth b  Authority.(Italicsadded.)99@#9#9  !@XXUSUS.,  _ @  @  @  @  @  @ @  ! U X!) @ $  U $@  $ U  $)  #@@#+  9@@  3  +  ݀Underseparatecover,Appellantisrequesting,interaliathatthisCourt  takejudicialnoticeofthefollowingdocumentsfromthecourtfilein  Farrellv.Allen,AlamedaCountyNo._RG_Ԁ03079344: ConsentDecree  executedbytheAttorneyGeneralandtheDirectoroftheCalifornia  Authority(ExhibitA);the StipulationRegardingCaliforniaYouth  AuthorityRemedialEfforts(ExhibitB);theEducationalProgramReview   ofCaliforniaYouthAuthority(ExhibitC);and,the ReportofFindingsof   MentalHealthandSubstanceAbuseTreatmentServicesToYouthIn   CaliforniaYouthAuthorityFacilities(ExhibitD).99@#9#9 U !@XXUSUS.,   @  @ @  ! U X!) @ $  U $@  $ U  $)  #@@~#+  9@@  4  +  ݀Appellantisrequestingunderseparatecoverthatthecourttakejudicial  noticeofthelegislativehistoryofsection202,toattachedtotherequestas  ExhibitE.)99@#9#9  !@XXUSUS.,  @99% P X`hX9 @  @  @  @  @  @  @  @ #9@9L#99@#9k#9  / @ 9% P X`hX9998 9  /  #8l 8Z#8 8l# 8՜#9#9@9⯴#99@#9#8 #8l 88#8 8l# 8z#9+  #9@,9⯼#99@#,9#8 ,#8l ,8^#8 8l  5  +  #8l 8#8 8lԀ#8l 8f##@8l#9@@ 99@#9#8 #8l 8##@8l1#9@@Forallitsconsequence,dueprocesshasneverbeen,andperhapscan  neverbe,preciselydefined.[Unlike]somelegalrules,thisCourthassaid,  dueprocessisnotatechnicalconceptionwithafixedcontentunrelatedto  time,placeandcircumstances.[Citation]Rather,thephrase99@#9⯖#8 #8l 8$##@8lf#9@@expressesthe  requirementoffundamentalfairness,99@#9#8 #8l 8: ##@8l| #9@@arequirementwhosemeaningcan  beasopaqueasitsimportanceislofty.ApplyingtheDueProcessClauseis    thereforeanuncertainenterprisewhichmustdiscoverwhat fundamental  fairnessconsistsofinaparticularsituationbyfirstconsideringany  relevantprecedentsandthenbyassessingtheseveralintereststhatareat  stake.99@#9 #8 #8l 8 #8 8l# 8 #?#?`A?L #??`A(#?`A? #??`A#? #8 #8l 8 ##@8lU #9@@Lassiterv.Dept.ofSocialServices99@#9⯽ #8 #8l 8##@8lF#9@@(1981)452U.S.18,2425.  Italicsadded.)99@#9⯫#8 #8l 8#8 8l# 8J#9 $Verdana !@XXUSUS.,  _  X089@9dd8  9%  0 8@X99@@ III.  99@#9$# X  6" 0 8@X6.  X  9% P X`h  X9@  X X6" 0 8@X6.  #@@_#9@@APPELLANTSSIXTHANDFOURTEENTHAMENDMENT  FEDERALCONSTITUTIONALRIGHTSWEREVIOLATEDWHEN  THECOURTCOMMITTEDHIMTOTHECALIFORNIAYOUTH  AUTHORITYWITHOUTSUBSTANTIALEVIDENCEOFPROBABLE   BENEFITTOAPPELLANTFROMTHECOMMITMENT.$݌   Ќ  99@     X  X XX      .  X  9% P X`h  X99@9  X.  .t݌̌  99@     XX XX    X #9f#  9%  0 8@  X99 X X9@9Therewasnoevidenceof#99@#9@9any#99@u#9@9ԀbenefittoAppellantfromacommitmenttothe   CaliforniaYouthAuthority(#99@#9@9 _CYA_#99@^ #9@9),becausetheonlymentionofanytreatmentAppellant   mightreceivefroma_CYA_Ԁcommitmentwascontainedtheprobationreport,whichcontained   nothingmorethan_conclusionary_Ԁstatements.(CT88#99@ #9@989.)Therefore,without#99@7 #9@9any#99@ #9@9Ԁevidence z  ofbenefittoAppellantfroma_CYA_Ԁcommitment,thecourtcommittedAppellantto_CYA_Ԁfor p themaximumtermallowedbylawinviolationofhisrighttodueprocessoflaw. f #99@ ##9# X6" 0 8@X6.  X  9% P X`h  X9@  X X X6" 0 8@X6.   9@@ A.TheDueProcessClauseRequiresThatAStateMeetItsStatutorily \ DefinedBurdenofProofBeforeAMinorCanBeDeprivedofHisLiberty. ݌ W Ќ  99@     X  X XX      .  X  9% P X`h  X99@9  X.  .݌̌  99@     XX XX    X X  9%  0 8@  X9.    9% P X`hX99@9  X.  TheDueProcessClauseoftheFourteenthAmendmentrequiresfundamentalfairness O instateproceedingswhichdepriveapersonofhisliberty.(_Bearden_Ԁv.Georgia(1983)461 E U.S.660,673.)InHicksv.Oklahoma(1980)447U.S.343,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourt ; heldthatthefailureofastatetoobserveitsownstatutoryprocedurallawincriminal 1! sentencingviolatesthefederaldueprocessrightsofacriminaldefendantbydeprivinghim '#w ofalibertyinterest.(Id.atpp.346347.)Therefore,whenastatehasprovidedaspecific %m ! methodofdeterminingwhetheracommitmentwhichresultsinalossofliberty,shallbe 'c"#  imposed, itisnotcorrecttosaythatthedefendantsinterestinhavingthatmethodadhered  )Y$% toismerelyamatterofstateprocedurallaw.(_Fetterly_Ԁv._Paskett_(9thCir.1993)997F.2d  1295,1300.)..݌     99@   XX   X X#9#99@9TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt#99@#9@9 repeatedlyhasrecognizedthat#99@#9@98commitment#99@N#9@9for  n anypurpose#99@#9@9Ԁconstitutesasignificantdeprivationoflibertythatrequiresdueprocess  d protection.#99@ #9@9(#99@#9@9_Addington_Ԁv.Texas#99@#9@9Ԁ(1979)441U.S.418,425.Italicsadded.)And,#99@z#9@9 [_t]he_ԀCourt  Z  hasonnumerousoccasionsacknowledgedthatchildrenareinmanycircumstancespossessed P  ofconstitutionallyprotectedrightsandliberties.See#99@#9@9_Parham_Ԁv.J.R.#99@#9@9Ԁ(1979)442U.S.584, F  600[libertyinterestinavoidinginvoluntaryconfinement].#99@#9@9(#99@6#9@9_Troxel_Ԁv.Granville#99@#9@9Ԁ(2000)530 < U.S.57,89;#99@#9@9Renov.Flores#99@k #9@9Ԁ(1993)507U.S.292,316.)Thedueprocessprotections 2 applicabletojuvenileproceedingsincludetherighttohavethestatemeetits#99@ #9@9statutorily ( definedburdenofproof#99@!#9@9beforethejuvenileloseshisliberty.(#99@"#9@9AlfredoA.v.SuperiorCourt#99@"#9@9  (1994)6Cal.4th1212,1225,citing#99@"#9@9_Schall_Ԁv.Martin#99@j##9@9Ԁ(1984)467U.S.253,253.)The  standardofproofwhichisrequiredtobeappliedtothefactsinreachingajudgment   implicatesfederaldueprocessrights.   X X X6" 0 8@X6#99@##9@9Thefunctionofastandardofproof,asthatconceptisembodiedintheDue ! ProcessClauseandintherealmof_factfinding_,isto#99@l%#9@9 instructthe_factfinder_ " concerningthedegreeofconfidenceoursocietythinks[_s]he_Ԁshouldhaveinthe #  correctnessoffactualconclusionsforaparticulartypeofadjudication.#99@d&#9@9#99@'#9@9Inre $! _Winship_#99@ (#9@9,397U.S.358,370(1970)(Harlan,J.,concurring).Thestandard % " servestoallocatetheriskoferrorbetweenthelitigantsandtoindicatethe &!# relativeimportanceattachedtotheultimatedecision. '"$ #99@(#9@9(#99@)#9@9_Addington_Ԁv.Texas#99@ *#9@9,#99@*#9@9supra#99@*#9@9,441U.S.atp.423.) (#%      #99@(+#9@9B.InCalifornia,DueProcessRequires,AsDefinedByStateStatute,That y*%' ThereBeSubstantialEvidenceofBenefitToAMinorFromADisposition  OrderBeforeHeCanBeDeprivedofHisLiberty     5 l<`   #99@+##9h# X X9%  0 8@  X9.    9% P X`hX9@  X.-  9@@InCalifornia,thestatutesthatgovernthecommitmentofjuvenilewardsto_CYA_Ԁhave  resultedinthecreationofaprotectedlibertyinterest.Bystatute,inCalifornia,sections202#@9@.#+  +/@  9@@: 6  1         and734#@9@20#+  +0@  9@@_;? 6  2      _requirethat [_t]o_Ԁsupporta_CYA_Ԁcommitment,itisrequiredthattherebesubstantial   evidenceintherecord(1)supportingthecourtsdispositionordercommittingajuvenileto    _CYA_,(2)whichdemonstratesprobablebenefittotheminor,and(3)supportsadetermination y  thatlessrestrictivealternativesareineffectiveorinappropriate.(Inre_Teofilio_ԀA.(1989)210  _Cal.App_.3d571,576,579;Inre_Domanic_ԀB.(1994)23_Cal.App_.4th366,373374;Inre  MichaelD.(1987)188_Cal.App_.3d1302,1397.) Substantialevidenceisdefinedas  evidencethatinspiresconfidenceandisofsolidvalue.(Peoplev.Marshall(1997)15   Cal.4th1,34,citingPeoplev.Morris(1988)46Cal.3d1,19,andPeoplev._Bassett_(1968)   69Cal.2d122,139.).-.݌ ~  Ќ  99@   XX     .    9% P X`hX99@9  .}7  Therefore,underCalifornialaw,tosatisfytherequirementsofdueprocess,therehad t  tobesubstantialevidenceontherecordthattherebeprobablebenefittoAppellantfromhis j  commitmentto_CYA_.Becausenosuchevidenceexistedonthisrecord,theStatefailedto ` meetitsstatutorilyrequiredburdenbeforedeprivingAppellantofhisliberty..}7:8݌ V Ќ  99@   XX     .    9% P X`hX99@9  .:  //.:;݌ L Ќ  99@   XX     .    9% P X`hX99@9  .<  C.AppellantsSocialHistory .<L=݌ B Ќ  99@   XX   X  .    9% P X`hX99@9  X.r>  Asdiscussedinthestatementoffacts,exceptforthetimehespentwithhis   grandparents,whodiedwhenAppellantwas11,hehasbeenwithoutastableandfunctional  homeandwithoutthesocializationandeducationthatcomesfromattendingschool.With ! hissistershewasthesubjectof14CPSreferrals.Heneverhadtheopportunitytoknowhis #  fatherwell,andat11hadtoacceptthatheneverwouldbecausehisfatherwasshotdead,an % " unintendedvictimofagangshooting.(CT5455.).r>=?݌ '"$ Ќ  99@   XX     .    9% P X`hX99@9  .{B  ItisrespectfullysubmittedthatitiscompletelyunderstandablethatAppellantwould ~)$& seekouttheattentionfromoldermaleslikeOandT,two19yearolds,wholethim hang t+&( outwiththem.Itisunderstandablethat,barelyoutofpuberty,hewouldbegreatly  influencedbytheirconceptofwhatmakesaman,andwouldfeelboundtoemulatethemand  todoastheytoldhimtodo.Itissignificant,however,thataccordingtoalmostallofthe  independentwitnesses,asfullydiscussedante,thatAppellantwastheonlyoneofthethree   thatwashorrifiedwhenCslippedofftherockandwentintothewater,andhewastheonly   oneofthethreethatstayedandmadeanyattemptstosaveCslife..{B8C݌ ~  Ќ  99@   XX   9@9#@9@-1# 9@@D.#@9@G#9@@EvidenceAtTheDispositionHearing,theProbationReport,andThe t  CourtsFindingandOrder#99@|G# j    /  9% P X`hX9998 9  X/H  8l 8#@8l H#9@@/HI݌ ` Ќ99@99   XX X  /  9% P X`hX9998 9  X/J  #8  8I## 8J#99@9 1.ProbationDepartmentRecommendation/JK݌ 0 Ќ99@99   XX X  /  9% P X`hX9998 9  X/M  #8  8L#8l 8#@8lK#9@@/MM݌ & Ќ99@99   XX X    #99N##9XN#8 9%  0 8@X9/  9% P X`hX98  88  8    /O  # 8ՐO#99@9Theprobationofficerrecommendeda_CYA_Ԁcommitmentbecauseofthebeliefthat  Appellanthadtobe#99@Q#9@9 placedinasecuresetting,#99@Q#9@9#99@:R#9@9 removedfromthecommunity#99@R#9@9andthat  _CYA_Ԁ#99@R#9@9 istheonlyoption.#99@iS#9@9(CT89.)/OP݌  Ќ99@8 9   XX   #8  8S## 8P#8  30 0 8@X3/  9% P X`h0 0 X98  88  8  X 30 0 8@X3/WU  # 8T#99@92.EvidencePresentedAtOrBeforetheDispositionHearing#99@V##9⯚V#@9@@/WURV݌  Ќ99@8 9   0 0 X0 0 X   #8  8[W## 8zW#8  08@0 0 X0/  9% P X`hX98  88  8  08@X0/X  8l 8#@8lX#9@@/XY݌̌99@8 9   XX     /  9% P X`hX98  88  8  /Z  #8  8Y## 89Z#99@9a.)EvidenceAsToAppellant#99@C\#9@9sBehaviorInJuvenileHall#99@\##9$\#@9@@/Z[݌ ! Ќ99@8 9   XX   /  9% P X`hX98  88  8  /^  #8  8.]#8l 8#@8lM]#9@@/^^݌̌99@8 9   XX     #8  8_## 8\_#8  9%  0 8@X9/  9% P X`hX98  88  8  /`  # 8k`#99@9  #99@a##9a#99@9TheevidenceestablishedthatAppellanthadgreatdifficultyadjustingtohisfirstreal #  detentionwhilehewasatjuvenilehall,andthathisbehaviorreflectedhisattempttoadjust % " andhisimmaturityandactingoutwhenhecouldnot.Thecourt#99@b#9@9scommentsthatwhatled '"$ toitsconclusionthatAppellantwas#99@c#9@9 dangerous#99@|d#9@9(RT534)werenotbasedonanyviolentact ~)$& Appellanthadcommittedtowardsanyonewhilehousedatjuvenilehall,butonthecourt#99@d#9@9s t+&( apparentout#99@e#9@9of#99@f#9@9touchattitudeandfailuretounderstandthewaytroubledadolescentsactout  whentheyaredepressedandangry.Thecourtsaid,#99@Uf#9@9 It#99@-g#9@9snotjustthedisrespectwhichthis  minorshowspeople,andinsultingawfulthingshesays#99@ug#9@9Ԁhardthingshesaystothepeople.  Butit#99@-h#9@9sthethreats,thephysicalthreats,theviolentphysicalthreats:#99@h#9@9Iwanttokillyou.#99@6i#9@9#99@i#9@9I   wanttoslapyourass#99@i#9@9#99@Gj#9@9Ԁ#99@j#9@9Ԁthethreateningofphysicalharmtostaff.Theseareofgreat   concern.#99@j#9@9(RT534.)ThecourtignoredthefactthatinAppellant#99@pk#9@9s295daysatjuvenilehall ~  (RT512),Appellanthadneverphysicallyassaultedanystaffmemberatjuvenilehall./`a݌ t  Ќ99@8 9   XX   #8  8k## 8db#8 /  9% P X`hX98  88  8  X/m  # 8Պm#99@9 ` #99@n#9@9 #99@o##9⯥n# 99@9b.)EvidenceAsToAlternativePlacements#99@o##9⯉o#@9@@/mcn݌ j  Ќ99@8 9   XX   /  9% P X`hX98  88  8  /&q  #8  89p## 8Xp# 99@9AtthedispositionhearingconductedonMarch29,2005,Dan_Macallair_Ԁtestifiedon ` Appellant#99@_r#9@9sbehalfasanexpertinalternativeplacementsforjuveniles.(RT513#99@1s#9@9517.)/&qq݌ V Ќ99@8 9   XX     /  9% P X`hX98  88  8  /t  #8  8վs## 8@r#99@9Mr._Macallair_Ԁtestifiedthatitwasnotunusualforaminortohaveproblemsadjusting L totheenvironmentinJuvenileHall.(RT518.)Itisnotunusualforminorsplacedthereto B #99@u#9@9 actout#99@ w#9@9whenplacedthere.(RT519.)Mr._Macallair_ԀsaidthatAppellant#99@Ww#9@9sfamilysituation 8 hadbeenknownbythecountychildwelfaresystem.Hewasnotgoingtoschool,thefamily .~ hadbeenhomeless,andAppellantandhissisterhadfoundemploymenttoprovideforthe $ t family.(RT520.)Therearetwoproblems,thenatureofthesustainedoffenseand "j Appellant#99@w#9@9sbehaviorinjuvenilehall,thatmadefindinganalternativeplacement.Eight $`  placementshadturnedAppellantdown,andtherewerefivemorethathadbeencontactedand &V!"  nodecisionyetreached.(RT520#99@y#9@9521.)/tIu݌ 'L#$ Ќ99@8 9   XX   /  9% P X`hX98  88  8  /{  #8  8z## 8ծu#99@9Mr._Macalliar_ԀsaidthatAppellantcouldbeplacedinalevel12(outof14levels)   placement,wheretherewouldbealicensedclinicalsocialworker,educationalprograms,  psychologistandaccesstopsychiatriccare.(RT521.)Theleveloftreatmentdependsupon  theidentifiedneeds,andavarietyoffactorsconsidered,includingtheminor#99@|#9@9spsychological   functioning,hiseducationalneeds,theseriousnessandnatureoftheoffenseandthelevelof   intensityoftreatmentthatisrequired.(RT524.)/{t|݌ ~  Ќ99@8 9   XX   /  9% P X`hX98  88  8  /  #8  8~## 8|#99@9Mr._Macallair_Ԁwasveryfamiliarwith_CYA_Ԁprogramsandfacilities,andsaiditis t  difficultformostyouthswhoareplacedat_CYA_.Mr._Macallair_Ԁsaidthatgivenhis j  background,Appellantwouldmostlikelybeplacedinthegeneralpopulation.Hewouldbe ` placedintothe#99@Á#9@9 standardeducationalprogram.#99@΃#9@9(RT523.)/?݌ V Ќ99@8 9   XX   /  9% P X`hX98  88  8  /  #8  81## 8դ#99@9Thecourtstatedthatithadconsideredallofthelessrestrictivealternatives,andthat L #99@>#9@9 evenMr._Macallair_Ԁcouldnotfindanythatwouldaccepthim,#99@#9@9becauseAppellanthadbeen B rejectedbyeightoutofthetenprogramstowhichhisrecordhadbeensubmitted.(RT534.) 8 ThecourtdidnotfindAppellant#99@#9@9 acceptabletoanyprogramthatisnota_lockdown_.#99@#9@9(RT .~ 534.)Thecourtstatedthatitbelieved#99@0#9@9 thisminorisverydangerous.#99@#9@9(RT535.)Whilethe $ t courtwas#99@#9@9 sorryforhisbackground,#99@#9@9andthathe#99@#9@9 didn#99@G#9@9thavetherightupbringing,#99@#9@9the "j courthad#99@#9@9 anobligationtofuturepeopleandotherpotentialvictims,andIthinkthisminor $`  isverydangerous,andIhaveabsolutelynootherrecoursebuttosendhimtotheCalifornia &V!"  YouthAuthority.#99@\#9@9(RT534.)/݌ 'L#$ Ќ99@8 9   XX     #8  8Ք## 8#8 /  9% P X`hX98  88  8  X/  # 8Ž#99@9  WithoutanyevidenceintherecordthattherewasanyprobablebenefittoAppellant   froma_CYA_Ԁcommitment,thecourtthanstatedthat#99@#9@9 theYouthAuthorityhassomevery  goodprogramsif#99@#9@9Appellantavailedhimselfofthem.Thecourtsaidthat,itwas#99@#9@9 really#99@!#9@9#99@m#9@9 up  to#99@#9@9Appellantabouthowwellhewasabletorehabilitatehimself.(RT537.)/݌   Ќ99@8 9   XX   #8  8## 8ݏ#9K7{ v rmhd_ZU Q%L(H+C.>1:457XK1  l7  %(+.147 rdU Q%L(H+:4l998 9  Xl7{ v rmhd_ZU Q%L(H+C.>1:457  %(+4l1ޔ  # 8t#99@9ThecourtappearstohavejudgedAppellantbyadultstandardsanditfailedto   recognize,astheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtrecentlydid,thatajuvenile#99@#9@9smindisdifferent ~  fromthatofthemindofanadult.(#99@##9y#99@9Roperv.Simmons,supra#99@a##9B#99@9,___U.S.___[125S.Ct.1183; t  161L.Ed.2d1])#99@##9#8 Ԁ# 8ի#909999  #9#99@9In0 9@9@99@  #99⯨##9⯉#909999  #9q#99@9Roper09@9@99@  #99.##9#909999  #9#99@9,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtheldthatexecutingpersons j  whowereundereighteenyearsoldatthetimethatacapitalmurderwascommittedviolates ` the8thAmendment#99@#9@9sprohibitionagainstcruelandunusualpunishment.TheSupremeCourt V lookedatthreecategoriesofdifferencesbetweenjuvenilesandadults.First,lackofmaturity L andanunderdevelopedsenseofresponsibilityarefoundinyouthmoreoftenthaninadults. B Thesequalitiesoftenresultinimpetuousandillconsideredactionsanddecisions.The 8 secondareaofdifferenceisthatjuvenilesaremorevulnerableorsusceptibletonegative .~ influencesandoutsidepressures,includingpeerpressure.Thecourtacknowledgedthat $ t youthismorethanachronologicalfact.Itisatimeandconditionoflifewhenapersonmay "j bemostsusceptibletoinfluenceandtopsychologicaldamage.Thethirdbroaddifference $`  isthatthecharacterofajuvenileisnotaswellformedasthatofanadult.Thepersonality &V!"  traitsofjuvenilesaremoretransitory,lessfixed.(09@9@99@  #99͞##9⯗#909999  #9⯸#99@9Id.0ף9@9@99@  #99u##9V#909999  #9A#99@9Ԁatp.1195.)1ޔ7݌ 'L#$ Ќ99@99  `+ rdU Q%L(H+:4 rdU Q%L(H+:4`   X0`9999  #99##9ܥ#Z%  0 8@ rdU Q%L(H+:4Z99@9  Therefore,toattributetoAppellantthelevelof#99@H#9@9 dangerousness#99@Ȩ#9@9thatthecourtdid,   whichattribute,thecourtstatedrequiredthathebelockedupfortheprotectionofthepublic  ignoresthefactthatAppellantwasafatherlesschildinfluencedintheseoffensesbytwo  adultmales.Toleavehisrehabilitation#99@#9@9 upto[Appellant]#99@#9@9istodoomhimtofailure.A14   #99@#9@9yearoldboy,housedwitholder,moresophisticateddelinquents,inafacilitythatoffersfew,   ifany,programstodealwithAppellant#99@v#9@9sissueswilldonothingmorethanexacerbate ~  Appellant#99@S#9@9sanger. t  #99@#9@9  Appellant#99@G#9@9sfatherandgrandparentsaredead,hismotherhasfailedtoprovidehim j  evenwithminimalshelterandfood,andkepthimoutofschool,thetwoadultshewaswith ` thenightCdiedbothranawayandlefthimtheretodealwiththepolice,andthepolice V pretendedtheywerehis#99@#9@9 buddies#99@6#9@9and#99@#9@9 tryingtohelp#99@ί#9@9him,leadingtoa32#99@"#9@9yeartolife L commitment.Itisdifficulttoimaginea14#99@~#9@9yearoldcapableofrehabilitationinthese B circumstanceswithoutthepropertreatmentandsupport.Itisdifficulttoimaginea14#99@#9@9year 8 oldcapableofovercominghisangerathislossandthebetrayalsofthosehetrusted,without .~ propertreatmentandsupport.Itisimpossibletoimaginethata14#99@#9@9yearoldwithAppellant#99@#9@9s $ t historywillbe#99@U#9@9less#99@ij#9@9Ԁofathreattosocietyafterbeingwarehousedat_CYA_Ԁfor,ataminimum, "j theremainderofhisteenageyears. $`  #99@ ##9)#9 X6" 0 8@X6/  X9% P X`h  X9998 9  X X6" 0 8@X6/  # 8'# 99@9E.AppellantWasDeniedHisRightToDueProcessOfLawWhenHeWas &V!" DeprivedofHisLibertyWithouttheRequired#99@#9@9 SubstantialEvidence#99@ɷ#9@9To 'Q"# SupportAFindingThatHeWouldReceiveProbableBenefitFroma 'L#$ Commitmentto_CYA_ԀBeforeHeIsDeprivedofHisLiberty #99@###9#99@9  /݌ (G$%  99@99     X  X XX    /  X9% P X`h  X9998 9  X/d  #8  8t#8l 8#@8lU#9@@/d݌ )B%& Ќ99@99     XX XX    X#99`##9⯢#9%  0 8@  X99 X X9@9Inthecaseatbar,itwasfundamentallyunfair,andaviolationofAppellant#99@V#9@9srightto   dueprocess,whenhewascommittedto_CYA_Ԁwithwasnocredibleorcompetentevidence  thatAppellantwouldreceiveanybenefitfroma_CYA_Ԁcommitment,muchlesstherequired  #99@#9@9 substantialevidence#99@i#9@9ofprobablebenefittohim(#99@ÿ#9@9#99@&#9@9202,734;#99@l#9@9Inre_Teofilio_ԀA#99@#9@9.,#99@4#9@9supra#99@|#9@9,#99@#9@9210   _Cal.App_.3datpp.576,579;#99@ #9@9Inre#99@#9@9Ԁ#99@#9@9_Domanic_ԀB.#99@4#9@9,#99@#9@9supra#99@#9@9,#99@4#9@923_Cal.App_.4thatpp.73#99@x#9@9374;#99@#9@9Inre   MichaelD#99@=#9@9.,#99@#9@9supra#99@#9@9,#99@8#9@9188_Cal.App_.3datp.1397.) ~  #99@|#9@9First,therewasnothingthatqualifiedas#99@#9@9evidence#99@#9@9ԀofprobablebenefittoAppellant t  froma_CYA_Ԁcommitmentinthisrecord.EvidenceCodesection140states:#99@#9@9 #99@#9@9Evidence#99@#9@9 j  meanstestimony,writings,materialobjects,orotherthingspresentedtothesensesthatare ` offeredtoprovetheexistenceornonexistenceofafact.#99@@#9@9 V  X6" 0 8@X6 #99@F#9@91.ThereAreNoEducationalProgramsAt_CYA_ԀToMeet L #99@ #9@9Appellant#99@#9@9sNeeds G   X9%  0 8@  X9#99@#9@9TheprobationofficermadetheunfoundedassumptionthatAppellantwould#99@#9@9 beable = tocompletehishighschooleducation#99@L#9@9at_CYA_.(CT89.)Therewasnoevidencepresented 3 inthecaseatbarastowhich_CYA_ԀfacilityAppellantwouldbeplaced.Theexpertreporton )y theeducationalprogramsavailabletowardsplacedat_CYA_Ԁestablishesthatthereare !o significantproblemsatthevariousthefacilitiesreviewedwhichinclude#99@#9@9 teacherpositions #e eliminatedimmediatelyifthewardpopulationatthesitedrops#99@#9@9#99@#9@9 [_d]ue_Ԁtothebudgetary  %[ ! restraints#99@#9@98#99@p#9@9(ExhibitC,pp.5);#99@#9@9 ashortageofgeneraleducationteachersinthemainschool 'Q"# program#99@#9@9at_Chaderjian_#99@#9@9Ԁ#99@%#9@9Ԁ(Ex.C.p.6);20to30%ofall_CYA_Ԁwardsareabsentfromschool (G$% eachday(Ex.C.p.8);aninsufficientnumberofcredentialedteachersallocatedtothe *=&' facilitiestomeetthegeneralstaffingratio,andthatifallofthewardsweretoattendhigh  schoolprogramssimultaneously,some_CYA_Ԁwardswouldhavetobesentbacktotheirrooms  becausetheclassnumbersfarexceedcurrentallowablelimits.(EX.C,p.11.)    #99@k#9@9WhiletherecordclearlyestablishesthatAppellantwasoutofschoolforovertwo   years,andtherebyseverelydeficientincredits,thereisnoevidenceonthisrecordthat   Appellant#99@#9@9sneedforeducationalguidancewillbesatisfiedatany_CYA_Ԁfacility. ~    #99@"##9# $0  0 U X$)  '  0  0 U '@  X '0  0 U  ')W  9@@QII 2.ThereIsNoEvidenceThatAppellantWillReceiveAnyOfTheContemplatedCounselingAt t  _CYA_)W݌ o  Ќ99@  *0  0 U 0  0 U *    * U 0  0 U *)  '   U '9@9  ' U  ')    )v݌̌99@  * U  U *   )  '   U '9@9  ' U  '))    Onthisrecord,therewasnoevidenceofbenefittoAppellantfroma_CYA_ g commitmentotherthantheassumptionsoftheprobationofficerthatAppellantwouldbeable ] tocompletehishighschooldegreeandhaveangermanagementandvictimimpact S counseling.(CT89)Inlitigationbroughtbecauseofthedeficienciesandhorrendous I conditionsat_CYA_,respondenthasstipulatedtotheessentiallyaccuracyofthereportsand ? conclusionsoftheexperts.#@9@4#+  9@@Ԁ_#@9@#+#  9@@__< 6  3      _AsdemonstratedbytheexpertsreportsintheFarrellcase, 5  theseassumptionsaremorelikelythannottobecompletelyerroneousinAppellantscase.))݌ +{ Ќ99@  * U  U *     )  '   U '9@9  0 @ 0)=    TheprobationofficerassumedthatAppellantwouldreceiveangermanagement   counselingandvictimawarenesscounseling.DespitethefactthatAppellantwasclearlya  troubledyoungman,neithertheprobationofficernorthecourtsawfittohavea  psychologicalevaluationdoneofhimtoestablishwhatspecificcounselingneedsAppellant   had,theseverityofhismentalhealthissues,andanyexpertrecommendationfortreatment.   )=݌̌99@  - U  X-     #9)#?%  0 8@ U ?2  ,9%$ $ P X`hX9@  X ,<%  0 8@$ $ P X<2+  9@@At_CYA_,theexpertreportsestablish,thepoliciesontheuseofforceandrestraintdo t  notdistinguishmentallyillchildrenfromthoseinthegeneralpopulation,anduseismade j  ofdangerousrestrainingbedsandcages.(ExhibitD,p.18.)2+݌ ` Ќ99@  XX   #9/#$ U X$)  '   U '@  X' U  ')]  9@@  Thementalhealthcareprovidedby_CYA_Ԁisnotadequateanddoesnotconformto V communitystandards8.(ExhibitD,p.9.))] ݌ L Ќ99@  * U  U *   )  '   U '9@9  ' U  ')    QS S 3. PunishmentIsNot,ByItself,Rehabilitative)]݌ B Ќ99@  * U  U *   *0 U  U *)  '  0 U '9@9  '0 U  ')  )C݌̌99@  *0 U 0 U *   _- 0 U 0 U -)  '  XU '9@9  * 0 U  *)'    Theprobationofficerstatedas caseneeds,that thekillingofanotherhumanbeing : istheultimatecriminalact,andthemostseriousconsequencesmustbeimposed.Forthe 0 protectionofthepublicandthecommunityaswellasforthepunishmentandrehabilitation & v ofAppellant,hehadtobeplacedinCYA.(CT8889.))'݌ "l Ќ99@  *XU XU *   )  '  XU '9@9  * 0 U  *)8    FromthecourtscommentsaboutAppellant,anditsfailuretoexplicitlyfindany $b  probablebenefittohimfromaCYAcommitment,itisexpectedthatrespondentwillargue, &X!"  byrelyingonsection202,subdivision(b)andInreMichaelD.,supra,188Cal.App.3dat 'N#$ p.1396,thatthere rehabilitativepunishmentthatwouldprovidesufficient probable  benefittosupportAppellantscommitmenttoCYA.Thisargumentis,quitesimply,wrong.)8݌   99@  *XU XU *   X#9,#?%  0 8@XU ?99@9Section202,subdivision(b),clearlystatesthatminorswhoarewardsofthecourt,   X X X6" 0 8@X6#99@l#9@9shall#99@#9@9receivecare,treatmentandguidanceconsistentwiththeirbestinterests   andprotectionofthepublic.Minorsunderthejurisdictionofthejuvenilecourt   asaconsequenceofdelinquentconduct#99@#9@9shall#99@ #9@9,inconformitywiththeinterests   ofpublicsafetyandprotection,#99@S#9@9receivecare,treatmentandguidancethatis    consistentwiththeir#99@#9@9Ԁbestinterest,thatholdsthemaccountablefortheir ~  behavior,andthatisappropriatefortheircircumstances.#99@#9@9ԀThisguidance#99@S#9@9may w  includepunishmentthatisconsistentwiththerehabilitativeobjectivesofthis r  chapter#99@#9@9.(Italicsadded.) k  #99@q##9M#  X9%  0 8@  X92  ,9%$ $ P X`hX9@  d ,<%  0 8@$ $ P X<2Q  9@@2Q>݌̌99@  XX   d , X9%  0 8@X92  ,,<%$ $ P X`h X<9@9  d2d  Subdivision(e)ofSection202states,inpertinentpart:2d ݌  Ќ99@ ,,$  X$ $ P X$   X,9" 0 8@ X92  ,X9%$ $ P X`h  X99@9  X, X  9" 0 8@$ $ P X92?  Asusedinthischapter, punishmentmeanstheimpositionofsanctions.8 5 Permissiblesanctions,mayincludethefollowing:2?-݌ 0 Ќ99@ XX   X  X     2  ,X9%$ $ P X`h  X99@9  X,9" 0 8@$ $ P X92  (1)Paymentofafinebytheminor.2[݌ ? Ќ99@ XX   X  X   2  ,X9%$ $ P X`h  X99@9  X,9" 0 8@$ $ P X92.  (2)Renderingofcompulsoryservicewithoutcompensationperformedforthe  benefitofthecommunitybytheminor.2.݌  Ќ99@ XX   X  X   2  ,X9%$ $ P X`h  X99@9  X,9" 0 8@$ $ P X926  ݀(3)Limitationsontheminorslibertyimposedasaconditionofprobationor H parole.26 ݌ C Ќ99@ XX   X  X   2  ,X9%$ $ P X`h  X99@9  X,9" 0 8@$ $ P X92&   (4)Commitmentoftheminortoalocaldetentionortreatmentfacility,suchas R ajuvenilehall,camporranch.2&  ݌ M Ќ99@ XX   X  X   2  ,X9%$ $ P X`h  X99@9  X,9" 0 8@$ $ P X92-   (5)CommitmentoftheminortotheDepartmentoftheYouthAuthority.2-  ݌   Ќ99@ XX   X  X   2  ,X9%$ $ P X`h  X99@9  X,9" 0 8@$ $ P X92   Punishment,forthepurposesofthischapter,doesnotincluderetribution.  "[  ` 2  ݌̌99@ XX   X  X   2  ,X9%$ $ P X`h  X99@9  X,9" 0 8@$ $ P X92   ` 2݌̌99@ XX   X  X     X X9%  0 8@  X92  ,9%$ $ P X`hX99@9  d X ,<%  0 8@$ $ P X<2  Asthelegislativehistoryofsection202(addedbyStats.1984,ch.756,1,2pp. %! 27262727)establishes#@9@]#+  +  9@@= 6  4      thatwhile punishmentcouldbeaconsiderationinanydisposition ' #  orderedbythecourt,thattheuseofpunishmentasatoolforrehabilitationmustbe  accompaniedby treatmentandguidance.2݌  Ќ99@  XX     2  ,9%$ $ P X`hX99@9  ,?( P 0 8@$ $ P X?2  The EnrolledBillReportoftheYouthandAdultCorrectionalAgency,statedthat,   thebillisconsistentwiththeYouthAuthoritysemphasisonoffenderaccountabilityand   publicprotection.But,itwascautioned, Atthesametime,delinquentminorsmustreceive   interventionservicesthatwillincreasetheirknowledge,employmentskills,andabilitytoget ~  alonginsociety.(Ex.E,p.4.)Thecommitteereportsonthebillalsoconclude,notthat t  punishmentisrehabilitation,butthatpunishment thatisconsistentwithrehabilitationcan j  beconsideredbyacourtinfashioningadispositionorder.(Ex.F.,pp.23, ReportofSenate ` CommitteeonJudiciary;Ex.E,p.26, ReportofAssemblyCriminalLawandPublicSafety V Committee.2݌ L Ќ99@ ' XP 0 X'     #9#99@9Indeed,theCaliforniaSupremeCourtrecentlyrecognizedthisdistinctionbetween B #99@u#9@9 punishment#99@#9@9and#99@m#9@9 rehabilitation#99@#9@9: 8  X X X6" 0 8@X6#99@ #9@9Thejuvenilecourtsystemandtheadultcriminalcourtsservefundamentally .~ differentgoals.Thepunishmentforseriouscrimestriedinthecriminalcourts )y isimprisonment,and#99@#9@9 thepurposeofimprisonmentforcrimeispunishment.#99@#9@9 $ t (Pen.Code,#99@o#9@91170,subd.(a)(1).)CaliforniaRulesofCourt,rule !o 4.410#99@#9@9identifies#99@l#9@9sevenobjectivesinsentencingacriminaldefendant.#99@#9@9ԀThey#99@5 #9@9 "j includepunishment#99@ #9@9,deterrence,isolation,restitution,anduniformityin #e sentencing,#99@ #9@9buttheydonotincludegoalsimportantinthetreatmentofjuvenile $`  offenderssuchasmaturation,rehabilitation,orpreservationofthefamily#99@!#9@9.  %[ !  #99@q"#9@9Incontrast,thejuvenilecourtsystemseeksnotonlytoprotectthepublic 'Q"# safety,butalsotheyouthfuloffender.Section202,subdivision(a)statesthat 'L#$ thepurposeofthejuvenilecourtsystemis#99@"#9@9 toprovidefortheprotectionand (G$% safetyofthepublicandeachminorunderthejurisdictionofthejuvenilecourt )B%& andtopreserveandstrengthentheminor'sfamilytieswheneverpossible... *=&' .#99@ $#9@9Thestatutefurther#99@P%#9@9providesthat#99@%#9@9 [w]hentheminorisremovedfromhisor  herownfamilyitisthepurposeofthischaptertosecurefortheminorcustody,  care,anddisciplineasnearlyaspossibleequivalenttothatwhichshouldhave  beengivenbyhisorherparents.#99@%#9@9(#99@i'#9@9Ibid#99@'#9@9.)Indeedevenforthemostserious  offenders#99@'#9@9thosewhowillbecommittedtotheCaliforniaYouthAuthority  #99@(#9@9 #99@)#9@9communityrestoration,victimrestoration,andoffendertrainingand   treatmentshallbesubstitutedfor#99@a)#9@9Ԁretributive#99@!*#9@9punishmentandshallbedirected   towardthecorrectionandrehabilitationofyoungpersonswhohave   committedpublicoffenses.#99@s*#9@9(#99@^+#9@91700.)   #99@+#9@9(#99@,#9@9Manduleyv.SuperiorCourt#99@N,#9@9(2002)27Cal.4th537,593.Italicsadded.)     X9%  0 8@  X9 X#99@,#9@9Therefore,respondent#99@-#9@9sexpectedargumentthatthepunishmentinherentinaCYA w  commitmenthas,byitself,any#99@-#9@9 rehabilitativevalue#99@.#9@9#99@.#9@9without#99@G/#9@9substantialevidencethataward m  willreceivetheappropriateguidanceandtreatmentmustberejected. c #99@/##9V# X6" 0 8@X6.  X  9% P X`h  X9@  X6" 0 8@X6.0  9@@ F.TheStateShouldBeEstoppedFromArguingOnAppealThatCYACanProvide Y EffectiveRehabilitationTreatmentOrEducationalProgramsForAppellantWhen T theDirectorofCYAandTheAttorneyGeneralHaveEffectivelyStipulatedtothe O Absenceand/OrIneffectivenessofSuchProgramsattheYouthAuthority.01݌ J Ќ  99@     X  X XX      .  X  9% P X`h  X99@9  X.y4  .y4V5݌̌  99@     XX XX    X  9%  0 8@  X9.    9% P X`hX99@9  X.6  Astatesactionscan offendthestandardsoffundamentalfairnessundertheDue B ProcessClause8(Michiganv.Tucker(1974)417U.S.433,441.) Neithermannorchild 8 canbeallowedtostandcondemnedbymethodswhichfloutconstitutionalrequirementsof .~ dueprocessoflaw.(InreGault(1967)387U.S.1,13.Citationomitted.)TheDueProcess $ t Clause,initsmostbasicprotection,requiresthatthestateactwithfundamentalfairnesswhen "j deprivinganadultorjuvenileofhisorherliberty.#@9@2#+  +':  9@@> 6  5      .6o7݌ $`  Ќ  99@   XX   X#9k:#9/  9% P X`hX9998 9  /;  # 8;#99@9Ԁ#99@=#9@9  ThroughaConsentDecreeenteredinlitigationbroughtagainstCYA,theStateof 2 California,throughtheAttorneyGeneral#99@D=#9@9sOfficeandtheDirectoroftheCaliforniaYouth (x Authority,effectivelystipulatedtotheineffectiveness,unavailabilityandthefailureofCYA  n tomeetprofessionalstandardsinitsCYAsubstanceabuseandrehabilitationprograms.Itis,  d therefore,fundamentallyunfairfortheStatetoseek,inthecaseatbar,todepriveAppellant  Z  ofhislibertyandtoarguethatthereissubstantialevidenceofprobablebenefittohimfrom P  theseveryprograms.TheonlydistinctionintheState#99@>#9@9sdiametricallyoppositelegalpositions F  isthenatureofthegovernmentalactinvolved./;<݌ < Ќ99@99   XX   X#99⯮@##9<#99@9Whenthementalhealth,welfareandrehabilitationofajuvenileisatstake,itcannot 2 beignoredthattheStatehaschosentoadoptdiametricallydivergentpositionsdepending ( uponwhichhattheAttorneyGeneraliswearingandthatthereisanessentialcontradiction  inthepositionwhichitmustbeassumedwillbetakenbyrespondentonappealinthecase  atbar,byarguingthatthereisprobablebenefittoAppellantfromhiscommitmenttoCYA   whenithaspreviouslyconsentedtoajudgmentwhicheffectivelyholdsotherwise.#99@aB##9BB#+  9,9@,9Ԁ+>Edef    #99@{E#9@9CYAisanagencyoftheexecutivebranchofstategovernment(#99@E#9@9InreKeller#99@|F#9@9Ԁ(1965) ! 232Cal.App.2d520,524),thesamebranchofgovernmentofwhichtheAttorneyGeneral #  isamember.(#99@F#9@9Peoplev.Andrews#99@G#9@9Ԁ(1998)65Cal.App.4th1098,1104.)TheAttorneyGeneral % " hasdirectsupervisionoverthedistrictattorneysofthestateandmaytakeactiontoseetothe  adequateenforcementofthelawsofthestate.#99@G#9@9(Cal.Const.,art.V,#99@0I#9@913;Gov.Code,#99@I#9@912550  et.seq.)  #99@I#9@9Respondent#99@\J#9@9slegalrepresentativeonappealistheAttorneyGeneral#99@J#9@9soffice,thesame   executivebranchagencywhichstipulatedintheConsentDecree(ExhibitA),thattheReports   #99@&K#9@9preparedtosettle#99@L##9\E#3   99@9Ԁ 3{Ldef  #99@L#9@9thelitigationconcerningCYA,anexecutivebranchagency,are ~  #99@!M#9@9 substantiallyaccurate.#99@M#9@9#99@N#9@9Ԁ(Ex.A,p.3.)AftertheConsentDecreewassignedbythejudgeand |  filedwiththecourt,thestatelaterenteredintoastipulationthattheremedialactionrequired r  hasbeendelayed.(ExhibitE.) h #99@YN#9@9Therefore,#99@O#9@9initscapacityasthelegalrepresentativeofstategovernment(#99@O#9@9 The ^ People#99@nP#9@9),asamemberoftheexecutivebranchandthelegalrepresentativeofitsagencies, T becauseofitsdutytodirectlysuperviseallcountydistrictattorneys,andinitscapacityas J legalcounselforCYAandrespondent,theAttorneyGeneralshouldbeestoppedfrom @ arguingthatthereareeducationalandtreatmentprogramscurrentlyavailableatCYAto 6 benefitappellantwhenithaspreviouslyconcededinitscapacityaslegalrepresentativeof , | CYAandtheStateofCalifornia,thatnosuchprogramsexist#99@P#9@9and/orthosethatexistarenot ""r effectiveintherehabilitationofCYAwardswithidentifiableeducationaland_substance $h  abusetreatmentissues.(See,#99@vS#9@9UnitedStatesv.Powers#99@T#9@9Ԁ(7thCir.1972)467F.2d1089,1094 &^!" [suggestingindictumthattheprosecution#99@T#9@9spositioninanotherdefendant#99@U#9@9strialcouldact (T#$ asajudicialadmission];#99@U#9@9Peoplev._Valles_#99@yV#9@9Ԁ(1979)24Cal.3d121[defendant_estopped_Ԁfrom )J%& raisingissuesettledbystipulation],#99@V#9@9CaliforniaStateAuto._Ass#99@W#9@9n_ԀInter#99@)X#9@9Ins.Bureauv.  SuperiorCourt#99@X#9@9(1990)50Cal.3d658,664#99@X#9@9665[whenastipulationissignedbya  representativeofaparty,therepresentativesignatoryisprivytothestipulationandcanbe  _estopped_Ԁfrom_relitigating_Ԁtheissuestowhichstipulationapplied],#99@ZY#9@9Duffyv.Duffy#99@Z#9@9Ԁ(1894)104   Cal.602[_signatoires_Ԁare_estopped_Ԁfromdenyingtheeffectoftheirstipulation].)    X X#99@%[#9@9  #99@K\#9@9G._Appellant#99@\#9@9s_ԀCommitmentto_CYA_ԀMustBeReversed ~   X#99@\#9@9  #99@]#9@9BecausetheStateofCaliforniahasenteredintoaConsentDecreeinwhichit t  stipulatedthattheexpert#99@^#9@9sreportsfindingtheeducationalandsubstanceabuseprogramsat j  _CYA_Ԁwereinsufficienttomeettheneedsofwardsin_CYA_Ԁwhorequiredthoseservicesfor ` theirrehabilitation,ithasbeenestablishedthatitishighlyunlikelythatAppellantwill V receive#99@^#9@9any#99@`#9@9Ԁtreatmentorguidancefroma_CYA_Ԁcommitment.Appellant#99@`#9@9srighttodueprocess L oflawwasviolatedbecauseitwasfundamentallyunfairtodepriveAppellantofhisliberty B whentheStatecouldnot,anddidnot,meetitsrequiredburdentoproducesubstantial 8 evidenceofbenefitfroma_CYA_Ԁcommitment.Appellant#99@qa#9@9scommitmentto_CYA_Ԁis, .~ therefore,theequivalentofanadultsentencebecausehewillsimplybewarehousedwithout $ t thetreatmentandguidanceheneedsandwhichisrequired. "j   #99@c#9@9  AstheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtrecognizeddecadesago,withoutprovisionsfor $`  theproperguidance,educationandsimplysubjectedtoincarceration. &V!"   X X6" 0 8@X6#99@pd#9@9Ultimately,however,weconfronttherealityofthatportionoftheJuvenile 'L#$ Courtprocesswithwhichwedealinthiscase.Aboyischargedwith (G$% misconduct.Theboyiscommittedtoaninstitutionwherehemayberestrained )B%& oflibertyforyears.Itisofnoconstitutionalconsequence#99@e#9@9Ԁandoflimited *=&' practicalmeaning#99@g#9@9Ԁthattheinstitutiontowhichheiscommittediscalledan  IndustrialSchool.Thefactofthematteristhat,howevereuphemisticthetitle,  a#99@h#9@9 receivinghome#99@h#9@9oran#99@Si#9@9 industrialschool#99@i#9@9forjuvenilesisaninstitutionof  confinementinwhichthechildisincarceratedforagreaterorlessertime.His  worldbecomes#99@i#9@9 abuildingwithwhitewashedwalls,regimentedroutineand  institutionalhours....#99@j#9@9Insteadofmotherandfatherandsistersandbrothers   andfriendsandclassmates,hisworldispeopledbyguards,custodians,state   employees,and#99@k#9@9 delinquentsconfinedwithhimforanythingfrom   waywardnesstorapeandhomicide.   #99@l#9@9(#99@Ym#9@9Inre_Gault_#99@m#9@9,#99@n#9@9supra#99@Vn#9@9,387U.S.atp.27.)     X9%  0 8@  X9#99@n#9@9Appellant#99@To#9@9scommitmentto_CYA_Ԁmustbereversed. y        #99@o##9⯙L#99@9 #99@p#9@9Conclusion  [  X  #99@p#9@9Themeasureofasocietycanbebasedonhowittreatsitsmostvulnerable Q members.AppellantneverreceivedhelpfromtheStatedespite14CPSreferralsthat G madeitabundantlyclearhischildhoodborderedonbeingahorror.Whenhewasthe = onlyminorandtheonlyonewhostayedandtriedtosummonhelpforCwhilehistwo 3 adultcompanionsranaway,thecourttreatedhimasifhewereahardenedcriminal. )y ThecourtevenstronglyimpliedthatAppellantwassolelyandpersonallyresponsible !o forhisownrehabilitationby#99@q#9@9 takingadvantage#99@Mt#9@9ofprogramswhichdonotexistat #e _CYA_,despitethecourt#99@t#9@9sunsupportedconclusionsotherwise.  %[ !   #99@Vu#9@9Thisyoungmanisbarelyoutofchildhood.Theclearviolationsofhisdue 'Q"# processrightsandthecompletelackofevidencethathewillreceiveanyprobable (G$% benefitfroma_CYA_Ԁcommitmentrequiresreversalofthejurisdictionanddisposition *=&' ordersinthiscase.   `    #99@u#9@9#99@w#9@9 ` #99@x#9@9 #99@Sx#9@9  #99@x#9@9 h #99@x#9@9  #99@=y#9@9  #99@y#9@9  __   #99@y##9⯊p# X  6" 0 8@X6.  X  9% P X`h  X9@  X6" 0 8@X6.z  9@@ .z{݌   Ќ  99@     X  X XX  #9|#  X X9%  0 8@  X9@9@@    #99@}}##9⯜}#