WPC% =ȩ֗&'2t: ڜeM"i.s7~fDp5&HH>%{\*oyׇ "'H0ॺ{C޽V=Ov#&B% m6|7iEDrK'elG/*x"fPe@$~/wLTUDAWoЧ~4=UX}%F޲^ҍ{5̶( xKŕ< fyO݅yW~7/O,fhq bMjpӻ˩:3%?>0UԒPDt⦽vKF~tp5-IdF(-GGk${MqA|ޛƗ4/^B416.`RbvFz ,bԍ&&Rb(of.U:6RLc '<7Qk%v@>-U>v 0nD 0U6 0 0:r 0n 0B 0h\ 0 0l P 0U B& 0CC?g,A54Jv~ T>H V? 0:  U! 0(b!  !! 0 !#]"U N&% %t%Mz%(~%N%^ %w%4%% m%\  `&Times New Roman' IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA &Rita L. Swenor 0 .   <:Default Para8dl 6Plain TextK<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS<6X9`(Courier New0; .Footer  ;1HP X`h;:8Page Number< :Footnote Tex<:Footnote Ref6 4Body Text    <NK :Body Text In d , 2($ $ $ P X`h2  /% P X`h/ d:8Footer Char F )..      #X#X#  _!  X!  ,$  $  (2$ !!..      #X#X#   d($     5 !!..      #X#X#  _9% P X`hX9!  X!           1   Y!  ݀Unlessotherwisedesignated,allfurtherstatutoryreferencesaretothe  WelfareandInstitutionsCode. ] !!..      #X#X#  _9% P X`hX9!  X!           2   Y!  ݀Theallegationwaslimitedtotheuseofhandsandfeetintheoffense,and  allotherallegationsastouseofaweaponwerestricken.(RT9.)  !!..      #X#X#  _9% P X`hX9!  X!           3   Y!  ݀Becausetherewasnojurisdictionalhearingconductedinthismatter,all   factsarefromtheprobationofficersreportandotherdocuments  containedintheclerkstranscripts. 7 !!..      #X#X#  _9% P X`hX9!  X!           4   Y!  ݀Allfurtherreferencestoadateinthe StatementofFactsaretothe  calendaryear 2003. + !!..      #X#X#  _9% P X`hX9!  X!           5   Y!  ݀Allreferencestouseofaweaponwerestrickenfromthesinglecount  admittedbyappellant. * !!..      #X#X#  _9% P X`hX9!  X!         6   M!  ݀InFilipino, _Bahalana_means whateverhappens.(CT50.)   l !!..      #X#X#  _6"P P P X`X6$  P P P X$           7   Y!  ݀AtthetimeofAlineD.theapplicablesectionwas502.(InreToddW.,  supra,96_Cal.App_.3datp.417.)In re Michael C. (1978) 21 Cal.3d 4714 4_InreMichaelC.(1978)21Cal.3d471Fare v. Michael C. (1979) 442 U.S. 7076 5_Farev.MichaelC.(1979)442U.S.707(2q5$ !!..      #X#X#  +X  0  4($6#|x($..      #X#X#\\NTFDAP\Jomo,,,,0(9 Z6Times New Roman Regular#X>1 ubm,PagesU !!..      #X#X#  _        XX8dd8  INTHECOURTOFAPPEALOFTHESTATEOFCALIFORNIA      FIRSTAPPELLATEDISTRICT,DIVISIONFIVE    InreANDREWG.,   X      ` )      X X9%P P P X`hX9   X      ` ) x  AMinor. X      ` )No.A105329 q    X X<% P X`hP P P X<______________________________________ ` ) j   P     X      ` ) c  PEOPLEOFTHESTATEOFCALIFORNIA, ` ) \   P     X      ` ) U   X 6" X`hX6PlaintiffandRespondent, ` ) N   X <% P X`h  X<Ӏvs.    X      ` ) G  P     X      ` ) @ ANDREWG.,   X      ` )No.188442 9  P     X      ` )(AlamedaCounty) 2  P  DefendantandAppellant.   ` )     +{ ______________________________________) $t   APPELLANTSOPENINGBRIEF f  ******** X  StatementoftheCase  J   A.CurrentSection602petition <    l<`    P OnSeptember12,2003,atwocountpetitionwasfiledpursuantto !. WelfareandInstitutionsCode      1      G !  ݀section602,inwhichitwasallegedin #   bothcountsthatappellanthadcommittedassaultwithaweaponwith %!" forcelikelytoproducegreatbodilyinjury.(Pen.Code245,_subd_. '#$ (a)(1).)Itwasfurtherallegedastobothcountsthatappellanthad )$& committedtheoffenseforthebenefitofacriminalstreetgang.(Pen.  Code186.22,_subd_.(b)(1).)(CT333334.)   P OnOctober17,2003,appellantadmittedamendedcountone,      2      X !  ݀and  admittedthegangallegationenhancement.(RT912.)Onmotionofthe   prosecutor,counttwowasdismissed.(RT1213.) x   P OnOctober31,2003,thecourtorderedtheprobationdepartment j  tofindaplacementwith ganginterventionservicesthatwouldbe \  willingtoacceptappellant.(RT2021.) N   P OnDecember11,2003,appellantwascommittedtotheCalifornia @ YouthAuthority( _CYA_)foramaximumperiodofeightyears.The 2 courtmadethefindingthatthiswasanoffenseasdefinedbysection707, $t subdivision(b).Appellantwasorderedtopayarestitutionfineinthe f amountof$100;andtheamountofvictimrestitutionwasreserved.(CT X 378379;RT2930.) J  XOnJanuary8,2004,appellantwasacceptedby_CYA_Ԁfor < commitment.(CT385.) !.  X P OnJanuary13,2004,thecourtfoundthatthevictimhadnotmade #   aclaimforrestitution,soitwasnotorderedthatappellantwasnot %!"  requiredtopayvictimrestitution.(RT33.) '#$  P OnJanuary15,2004,appellantfiledatimelynoticeofappeal.   (CT395.)  B.AppellantsJuvenileHistory   P Appellanthasnopriorjuvenileadjudications.Thepetitionfiledin   theinstantmatterwasthefirstjuvenilepetitionfiledinwhichitwas x  allegedthatappellanthadcommittedacriminaloffense.(CT333334, j  340;RT2,18.) \    ******** N   Statementof_Appealability_  @      X   Thisappealisfromadispositionorderinajuvenilecaseandis 2 authorizedbyCaliforniaRulesofCourt,Rule1435,subdivision(a). L݌ $t Ќ    X******** f  StatementofFacts      3      !   X    A.FactsoftheOffense J  P ThecaseatbararoseoutofafightinUnionCity.Appellantwas < 14yearsoldwhenhewasarrested.AlsoarrestedwereJoshua_Castrence_, !. aged19,Benjamin_Copon_,age18,_Johnathan_Ԁ_Felarca_,aged19,arrested #   asadults;and,RobertA.,aged17,and,appellantssister,KatherineG., %!" aged17,arrestedasjuveniles.(CT3234,231233,256257.) '#$  )$&  P Atabout12:45a.m.onAugust19,2003,      4      Q!  ݀policeofficers  respondedto InNOutBurgersbasedonareportofafightinwhichit  wasreportedthatsomeparticipantshadweapons.(CT355.)Therethey  foundtwoyoungAsianmen,lateridentifiedasJimA.andJordanA.,   lyingontheparkinglotwithapoolofbloodneartheirheads.(CT5,32, x  36,47.)Bythetimethepolicearrived,thesuspectshadfledin j  automobiles.(CT3,356.)JordanA.andJimA.weretakentothe \  hospital.JordanA.wasdiagnosedwithaconcussionandscalp N  laceration.JimA.wasdiagnosedwithaheadinjury.(CT34,38,242, @ 313.) 2  P TheincidentbeganlateintheeveningonAugust17,withthe $t vandalismoftwoautomobilesbelongingtoassociatesofappellants.On f August18,therewasabirthdaypartyataresidence,andwhileattending X theparty,appellantreceivedseveraltelephonecallsonhiscellphone J fromapersonnamed Jordanwhowasbelievedtobeoneofthepeople < responsibleforvandalizingthetwocars. Jordanwasthememberofa !. rivalgang,ViciousFamily.AppellantsaidthatafterheandJordanhad #   words,theydecidedtomeetatInNOutBurgerstosettletheir %!" differences.Theytookweaponswiththembecausetheyweredetermined '#$ nottolosethefight.(CT36,40,358.) )$&  XThegroupleftthepartyintwovehicles,anddrovetotheInN  Out.Whentheyarrived,appellantsawagroupofFilipinomaleswalking  intotherestaurant.Hewalkeduptothegroupandaskedoneofthe  malesifhewas Jordan.AppellantandKatherinetoldthepolicethat   themaleacknowledgedthathewas Jordan.Appellantthenstarted x  hittingJordanwithaclosedfist.Appellantthrewthefirstpunch,but j  neverusedaweapon.      5      $!  ݀(RT17,43.)AnunknownsuspecthitJordanover \  theheadwithanobject.Jordansfriendsranovertohelphimatthesame N  timethepeoplewhohadarrivedwithappellantapproachedwith @ _Nunchukas_,batsandametalpole.(CT36,40,41,42.)Appellantsaidhe 2 beganchasingJasonM.,andappellantsaidhedidnotknowwhat $t happenedafterheleft.(CT41,47.)AppellantssisterKatherineadmitted f topolicethatshewasthepersonwhohadtakenametalpipefromthe X trunkofhercarandhitoneofthemalesa coupleoftimeswithit.(CT J 40,43.)BenjaminC.admitted,andwasidentified,asthepersonwiththe < _Nunchakas_.(CT4041,42,46.)RobertA.admittedkickingoneofthe !. victims.(CT42,43.) #    X P JasonM.identifiedappellantinaphotolineupasthepersonwho %!" hadchasedhim.(CT47.)JordanA.identifiedappellantastheperson '#$ whohad swungathim.(CT48.) )$&  XAfterbeinginvitedtoappellantsresidencebyhismother,who  hadreturnedapolicemanscall,thepolicecontactedappellantandhis  sisterthere.AlsopresentwasRobertA.(CT3738.)Atthattime,the  threetoldthepolicethatthepeoplethattheyattackedwerethewrong   people.(CT37.)Appellantprovidedthepolicewiththenamesofthe x  twoothermalesuspectsandwiththeirhometelephonenumbers.(CT37, j  41.) \   XB.AppellantsSocialHistory N   P 1.AppellantsFamily @  P AppellantwasbornonOctober27,1988,andwas14yearsoldat 2 thetimeoftheoffense.(CT338,355.)Hewasattendinghighschoolasa $t sophomore,andhadbeenlivingwithhismother,maternalgrandfather f andauntatthetimeoftheoffense,buthisimmediatefamilywasevicted X fromthehomewhenappellantandhisoldersister,hisonlysibling,were J arrested.Thewhereaboutsofappellantsfatherwasunknown.(CT338, < 355,357.) !.  XAppellantsmotherreportedthatsheseparatedfromappellants #   fatherin1990,anddivorcedhimin1993,becausehewasphysically %!" abusiveandhadagamblingaddiction.(CT347.)Theparentsreconciled '#$ andremarriedin2000.Soonafterthereconciliation,appellantsfather )$& kickedappellantinthechest,anincidentwhichwasreportedtothe +&( policeandforwhichappellantreceivedmedicalattention.Theprobation -(* officerstatedthatappellantsmotherwas rathervagueastohow  seriousherconcernswereaboutthefathersabuse.(CT357.)  Aftertheseparationin2000,appellantsmotherandhertwo  childrenrentedandlivedinthemasterbedroomofafourbedroomhouse   sharedwiththreeunrelatedmen.(CT357.) x  InMay2003,appellantsmotherandfatherreconciledagain.It j  washerhopethathewouldtakecareofthechildrenwhilesheworked, \  buthedidnotdoso.Hemovedoutandhadnotcontactedthefamily N  again.Appellantsmothersaidthatappellantandhissisterhadbeen @ upsetabouttheirfathersabandonment,lackofinterestinthem,andhis 2 abusetowardsthem.(CT357358.) $t Appellantsmotherworkedasanursingassistant,andfrequently f workedfrom11:00p.m.to7:30a.m.,andwasunabletoprovideany X supervisionforappellantandhissisterwhensheworked.Sheknewthat J theyfrequentlylefthomewhileshewasworkingandstayedoutlate,and < thenliedtoheraboutleaving,butalwaysreturnedhomebeforeshe !. arrived.(CT357,358.) #   AppellantenrolledatJamesLoganhighschoolinJanuary2003. %!" AppellantsattendancerecorddidnotbegintoslipuntilMarch2003,and '#$ inAprilandMarchhisattendancewassporadic.Hedidnotattend )$& schoolatallinMayandJune2003.Heneverhadanybehavioral +&( referralswhileattendingJamesLoganHighSchool.(CT358.) -(* 2.AppellantsSubstanceUseandGangMembership  Monthspriortotheincident,appellanthadjoinedthe_Bhalana_  gang.   _   6     _ 9s.  ݀Appellanttoldtheprobationofficerthathehadjoinedthegang  because itwassomethingtodo.(CT358.)Theprobationofficer   reportedthatappellantappearedtohavelittleinsightintoanyother x  reasonforjoiningthegang.(CT358.) j  Appellantsaidthathecutschoolfrequentlysothathecould kick \  itathisfriendshouse,wheretheydrankandplayedvideogames.(CT N  358.)Appellantadmittedthatwhenhismotherwasatwork,againsthis @ motherswishes,heandhissisterwouldeithergooutorhavefriends 2 over.(CT358.) $t Appellantreportedhavingtriedmarijuana,butpreferredtodrink f hardliquor,whichhedrankatleastonceaweek.(RT358.) X  X   ******** J Argument C  X X  6"P P P X`X6THECOURTABUSEDITSDISCRETIONWHENIT  5 ORDEREDAPPELLANTCOMMITTEDTO_CYA_ԀAS !. AFIRSTOFFENDERWHENTHEREWASNO "' EVIDENCEOFPROBABLEBENEFITTO #   APPELLANTFROMTHECOMMITMENT $ ! A.Introduction  & "#  X X X<% P X`hP P P X< Atthetimeoftheoffense,appellantwas14yearsoldandhadno (#% priorjuvenilerecord.(CT333334,338,366.)Whileitwastheprobation *%' departmentsrecommendationthatappellantbeplacedinalicensed  rehabilitationfacilitythatprovidedprogramstoaddressappellantsgang  issues(CT359),thecourtdeclinedtofollowthatrecommendation,and  committedappellantto_CYA_Ԁforamaximumtermofeightyears(CT   378379),withoutanyevidenceofbenefittoappellantfromthe x  commitment. j    d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X? XC  Atage14,appellanthadbeenphysicallyabusedandabandoned \  byhisfather.Becausehismotherwasthefamilyssolesupport,and N  workedatalowpayingjobasanursesassistantonthegraveyardshift, @ shewasunabletoprovideappellantwithanyadultsupervisionwhileshe 2 wasatworkexceptforhisoldersister,whowasalsoarrestedinthiscase. $t (CT337,358.)Atthetimeoftheoffenseappellanthadnopositiveadult f malerolemodelsinhislife.Hismaternalgrandfathersresponsetohis X arrestwastoevictappellantsfamilyfromtheirhome.(CT338,355, J 357.) XC6D݌ < Ќ  XX     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X? G  Priortoturningage14,appellanthadnoreportedlegalproblems, !. hadnoreportedproblemsatschool,andforallintentsandpurposes, #   underthefamilyconditionsinwhichhewasraised,heconductedhimself %!" asanormalchild.However,earlyin2003,justafterappellanthad '#$ turned14thepreviousOctober,appellantsproblemsbegantosurface. )$& FromJanuarytoMay2003,appellantwentfromattendinghighschool +&( regularly,tosporadically,tonotattendingatall.(CT358.)Appellants -(* fatherreturnedtothefamilyhomeforthethirdtimeinMay2003,and  thenleftagain,abandoningallcontactwithappellantandhissister.(CT  357358.)Withinthistimeperiod,appellantjoineda gangcomposed  ofotherFilipinos,for somethingtodo.(CT358.)Theadmitted   offenseoccurredwithinfourmonthsofappellantsfathersreturntothe x  familyhome,andnotlongafterhisfatherleftagain,abandoning j  appellantforthethirdtimeintenyears. GH݌ \  Ќ  XX     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X? N  Thistragicfamilyhistoryistheclearbasisforthetransformation N  ofawellbehavedchildintoatroubledadolescent.Havingnopositive @ adultmalerolemodels,appellantbecameinvolvedinagang.Despite 2 societysobviousandappropriateabhorrenceformuchofthe gang $t lifestyle,foranimpressionableadolescentagangcanprovidethatsense f ofbelongingthatismissingfromhislife.Itisextremelysignificantthat X inthiscaseappellantsoffensewastobeinvolvedinagangfightin J whicheveryotherparticipantarrested,exceptforRobertA.,was17to < 19yearsold. NN݌ !. Ќ  XX     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X? R  Whatappellantdoesnotneedistobeplacedinwiththemore #   sophisticatedcriminalelementat_CYA_.Whatappellantdoesneedisto %!" beplacedinarehabilitationprogramwhichwilldealwithhisissuesof '#$ thephysicalabusehesufferedatthehandsofhisfatherandhis )$& inevitabledespairatbeingabandonedbyhisfather,notonce,butthree +&( timesintenyears.Appellantisstillofanagewhereaprogramtailored -(* tohisneedshasagreatpossibilityforsuccess.Hehasasupportive  mother,isobviouslyclosetohissister,andthereisnothingintherecord  tosupportafindingthatappellanthasbecomesojadedthathecannotbe  rehabilitated. RbS݌   Ќ  XX   Inorderingthiscommitment,thecourtcommittedaclearabuseof x  itsdiscretionbecausetherewasnoevidenceonthisrecordthatappellant j  wouldbenefitfroma_CYA_Ԁplacement. \    d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d X   ~X  B.StandardofReview ~X)Y݌ N  Ќ ,$ X$ $ $ P X$     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d X ,  ?% P X`h$ $ $ P X? Y  Thecourtsdecisiontocommitappellantto_CYA_Ԁissubjecttoa @  showingthatthecourtabuseditsdiscretionincommittingaminorto 2 _CYA_.(InreToddW.(1979)96_Cal.App_.3d408,416;InreMichaelR. $t (1977)73_Cal.App_.3d327.)Theanalysisofwhetherthecourtabusedits f discretioninorderingappellantcommittedto_CYA_,thisCourt must X examinetheevidenceatthedispositionhearinginlightofthepurposes J ofJuvenileCourtLaw.(InreMichaelR.,id.,73_Cal.App_.3datpp.332 < 333.)Inthiscase,appellantssocialandcriminalhistoryclearlyestablish !. thatplacinghiminwithcriminallysophisticatedjuvenilesat_CYA_Ԁwill #   bedetrimentaltohim;andthattherewasnoevidencebeforethecourt %!" thattherewouldbeanybenefittoappellantfroma_CYA_Ԁcommitmentor '#$ thattherewereanyprogramsat_CYA_Ԁwhichcouldaddressappellants )$&  gangissues. YZ݌ +&( Ќ  XX   _ X X9%P P P X`hX9 C.TheProbationOfficersRecommendationsAndtheCourts   FindingsInMakingthe_CYA_ԀCommitment   X X<% P X`hP P P X< Intheprobationreportpreparedforthedispositionhearing,the  probationdepartment,theprobationofficerstated:    X X X6"P P P X`X6Ӏ[A]placementrecommendationwillbemadepursuantto   Section726(a)W&I,withthegangconditions,noco x  participantassociation,novictimcontact,reserved q   restitutionandarestitutionfine.   `   (CT359.) j   X X X<% P X`hP P P X<Atthefirstdispositionhearing,thecourtstateditsopinionthat \  appellantneededtobeplacedinalockedfacilitybutsaiditwaswilling N  toconsiderasuspended_CYA_Ԁcommitment,withaoneyearto18month @ termofoutofhomeplacement.Thecourtcontinuedthehearingforthree 2 weeksandaskedtheprobationdepartmenttocomeupwithspecific $t recommendationsforplacementswhichprovidedgangintervention f services.(RT21.) X Theprobationofficerthenissuedaonepagememorandumtothe J courtwhichstated: <  X X X6"P P P X`X6[The]UnitSupervisor[ofthe]PlacementUnit8was !. contacted.Hereportedthattheir[sic]areanumberof "' placementsthat[appellant]iseligibleforthatcanaddress #   gangissuesanddevelopatreatmentprogram.[The $ ! supervisor]statedthataformalreferralcannotbemade %!" untilaplacementorderisactuallymade.[Thesupervisor] & "# cautionedtheCourtthatalltheplacementsareunlocked '#$ facilitiesinthecommunityandtheminorcanrunifhe (#% chooses.IfthesafetyofthecommunityistheCourts )$& concernthena_CYA_Ԁplacementshouldbeconsidered. *%' (CT371.) +&(   ,')  X X X<% P X`hP P P X<Atthedispositionhearing,thecourtacknowledgedthatthe   probationofficerhadrecommendedalicensedrehabilitationfacility.(RT  15.)Thecourtstatedthattheprobationdepartmenthadfound anumber  ofprogramsthatcanaddressgangissueshowever,thecourtsaid they   wereallopensettingsandthattheprobationreport seemedtomake x   alooserecommendationfortheYouthAuthority8(RT25.)Thecourt j  thencommittedappellantto_CYA_Ԁforamaximumtermofeightyears.In \  orderingthe_CYA_Ԁcommitment,thecourtstated: N   X X X6"P P P X`X6[_T]his_Ԁisaprettyseriousoffense.Inspiteofhisage,Ithink @ thebestsolutionforthecommunityistheYouthAuthority. 9 Henodoubtwillneedmoretreatmentthanhewould 2 receiveinanordinarygrouphomesetting8(RT29.) +{ Therecordwillalsoreflectthattheminorsmentaland m physicalqualificationsaresuchtorenderitprobablethat f hewillbe_benefited_ԀbytheCaliforniaYouthAuthority _ commitment,andthatsthefindingpursuanttosection734. X     X      `   (RT30.) Q   d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X,  <"P P P X`$ $ $ P X< qs  D.ApplicableStatutoryLaw qsWt݌ C Ќ XX$ P P P XP P P X$ d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  d X , X  ?% P X`h$ $ $ P X? u  Whiletherehavebeenchangesinjuvenilelaw,butthe I! fundamentalphilosophyunderlyingthelawhasremainedunchanged. u'v݌ ;# Ќ X! P P P XX!     d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X? Pw  Section202,subdivision(b)states,inpertinentpart: Pwx݌ -%} ! Ќ X! P P P XX! d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X X, X<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X< x  8Minorsunderthejurisdictionofthejuvenilecourtasa '"# consequenceofdelinquentconductshall,inconformity |(#$ withtheinterestsofpublicsafetyandprotection,receive u)$% care,treatment,andguidancethatisconsistentwiththeir n*%& bestinterest,thatholdsthemaccountablefortheir g+&' behavior,andthatisappropriatefortheircircumstances. `,'( Thisguidancemayincludepunishmentthatisconsistent Y-() withtherehabilitativeobjectivesofthischapter.8.[The  goalsmustbe]consistentwithhisorherbestinterestsand  thebestinterestsofthepublic.  (Italicsadded.) xy݌  Ќ XX$ P P P XP P P X$ d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X,<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X< }   }W~݌̌ XX$ P P P XP P P X$ d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  ,  <" P X`$ $ $ P X< ~  Subdivision(e)states,inpertinentpart: ~݌ \  Ќ X! P P P XX! d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X,  <"P P P X`$ $ $ P X< ~  Asusedinthischapter, punishmentmeansthe   impositionofsanctions.8Permissiblesanctions,may   includethefollowing: ~R݌   Ќ XX$ P P P XP P P X$ d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X,  <"P P P X`$ $ $ P X<   *** y݌ X  Ќ XX$ P P P XP P P X$ d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X,  <"P P P X`$ $ $ P X< &  ݀(3)Limitationsontheminorslibertyimposedasa e  conditionofprobationorparole. &݌ ^  Ќ XX$ P P P XP P P X$ d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X,<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X<   (4)Commitmentoftheminortoalocaldetentionor   treatmentfacility,suchasajuvenilehall,camporranch. φ݌   Ќ XX$ P P P XP P P X$ d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X,<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X<   (5)CommitmentoftheminortotheDepartmentofthe a  YouthAuthority. ݌  Z Ќ XX$ P P P XP P P X$ d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X,  <"P P P X`$ $ $ P X<   Punishment,forthepurposesofthischapter,doesnot g includeretribution. X   (Italicsadded.) ݌ ` Ќ XX$ P P P XP P P X$ d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X,<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X<    ݌̌ XX$ P P P XP P P X$ d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X , X  ?% P X`h$ $ $ P X?    Despitethefactthat punishmentand publicsafetywereadded j asconsiderationstobemadebythejuvenilecourtinfashioninga  \ dispositionorder,thiswasonly aslightshiftinemphasis,rehabilitation N continuestobeanimportantobjectiveofthejuvenilecourtlaw.(Inre @ _Teofilio_ԀA.(1989)210_Cal.App_.3d571,576.)  ݌ !2 Ќ X! P P P XX! d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X X, X<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X<   Inreferringtothe_CYA_Ԁguidelinesandcriteriafor 8$ commitment,ourSupremeCourtpointedoutin_In_ԀreAline 1%  D.(1975)14Cal.3d557,564564: Asisevidencefrom *&z! theapplicablestatutes,CommitmentstotheCalifornia #'s" YouthAuthorityaremadeonlyinthemostseriouscases (l#  andonlyafterallelsehasfailed.(Thompson,Cal.Juvenile )e$! Court_Deskbook_,9.14,p.123.)Thisconceptiswell *^%" establishedandhasbeenexpressedbythe_CYA_Ԁitself.In +W&#  lightofthegeneralpurposesofjuvenilecommitments ,P'$ expressedinWelfareandInstitutionsCode[202]   _   7     _ 0*  8   commitmenttotheYouthAuthorityisgenerallyviewed  asthefinaltreatmentresourceavailabletothejuvenile  courtandwhichleastmeetsthedescription[ofthejuvenile  law.]WithintheYouthAuthoritysystem,thereisgathered  fromthroughouttheStatethemostseverelydelinquent   youthswhichhaveexhaustedlocalprograms.(Italics   added;CaliforniaYouthAuthority,CriteriaandProcedure   forReferralofJuvenileCourtCasestotheYouthAuthority x  (1971)p.1.[para.]8The criterialists8several q    inappropriatecasesforcommitment,including(1)youths j  whoaredependentorprimarilyplacementproblems󀄄 c  Fortheseyouthsinneedofahomeandpeeracceptance, \  aswellasacceptingadults,lifeinaninstitutionmightbe U  totallyfulfilling,resultinginanorientationtoan N  institutionalexistence;(2)unsophisticated,mildly G delinquentyouths,forwhomcomminglingwithserious @ delinquentswhomakeupthebulkoftheYouthAuthority 9 populationmightresultinanegativelearningexperience 2 andseriouslossofselfesteemand(3)mentallyretarded +{ ormentallydisturbedyouths,forwhomtheprobable $t benefitsoftreatmentwithinthementalhealthsystem m exceedthoseofprogramswithintheYouthAuthority8. f (Italicsinoriginal.) ݌ _ Ќ XX$ P P P XP P P X$ d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  d X,<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X< {  Commitmenttothe_CYA_Ԁshouldonlybemadeinthemore l seriouscases,afterallelsehasfailedandasalastresort. e [Citation.]Ifaminorwillnotbenefitfrom_CYA_ ^ commitment,andifnoappropriateplacementexists,then W theproceedingshouldbedismissed.(Ibid.) {Y݌ P  Ќ XX$ P P P XP P P X$     d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  X,  <"P P P X`$ $ $ P X<   (InreToddW.,supra,96_Cal.App_.3datpp.417418.) ݌ I! Ќ XX$ P P P XP P P X$ d    d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  d , X  ?% P X`h$ $ $ P X?   Thecourtshavepersistentlyshownarealisticconcernforcommingling # ofunsophisticated,mildlydelinquentminorsmorecriminallyoriented % ! groupsofdelinquentscommittedtoCaliforniaYouthAuthority,thereby '"# convertingthemtotrainedandsophisticatedcriminals.(Inre_Teofilio_ u)$% A.,supra,210_Cal.App_.3datp.577,quotingInreMariaA.(1975)52  _Cal.App_.3d901,903.) {݌  Ќ X! P P P XX!     d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  d X ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X? p  Priorto1984,therehadbeennoevaluationofthejuvenilecourts  dispositionorderwith punishmentandpublicsafetyprotectionin   mind.(Inre_Lorenza_ԀM.(1989)212_Cal.App_.3d49,58.)Thecourtin x  _Lorenza_ԀM.expresseditsconcernthattheguidelinesandcriteriausedin j  1974 mayormaynotbeapplicablein1989.(Id.,212_Cal.App_.3datp. \  57.)However,thecourtrecognizedthat, [_t]he_ԀLegislaturecontemplated N  _CYA_Ԁcommitmentasthelastsanctionintheschemeof rehabilitative @ punishment.(Inre_Lorenza_ԀM.,id.212_Cal.App_.3datp.58.Italics 2 added.) p_݌ $t Ќ X! P P P XX!     d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  d ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X?   Whilethelawnowstatesthat punishmentand publicsafetyas f purposesthatshouldbeconsideredbythecourtatadispositionhearing X conductedasaresultofafindingofdelinquentconduct,section202 J makesitclearthattheprimarypurposeofthejuvenilelawisstill < rehabilitationandthebestinterestsoftheminor,andthatacommitment !. to_CYA_Ԁcannotbemadesolelyonretributiongrounds.(Inre_Teofilio_ԀA., #   supra,210_Cal.App_.3datp.576,citingInreMichaelD.(1987)188 %!" _Cal.App_.3d1302,1396.) ݌ '#$ Ќ X! P P P XX!     d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  d ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X? ɰ  Inthecaseatbar,despiteoftherotestatementof benefitfroma )$& _CYA_Ԁcommitmentmadebythecourt,therewasnoevidencepresentedin +&( thiscasethattherewouldbeanybenefittoappellant.Further,despitethe -(* courtsstatementthatappellantneeded moretreatmentthanhewould  receiveinagrouphome(RT30),therewasnoevidenceofanyeffective  orappropriatetreatmentprogramsat_CYA_Ԁavailableorforwhich  appellantwaseligibletotreatappellants gangissues.Therehadnever   beenalesserrestrictivealternativeplacementbecausethiswas x  appellantsfirstoffense. ɰ݌ j  Ќ X! P P P XX!     d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  d X X,?%P P P X`h$ $ $ P X?   E.AppellantsCommitmentto_CYA_ԀWasAClearAbuseof \  JudicialDiscretion ݌ U  Ќ XX$ P P P XP P P X$     d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  d X,?%P P P X`h$ $ $ P X?    ݌̌ XX$ P P P XP P P X$     d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  d ,<" X`h$ $ $ P X< 0  1.ThereIsNo ProbableBenefittoAppellantFromA G _CYA_ԀCommitment 0݌ @ Ќ X$ P P P X  X$     d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  d ,<" X`h$ $ $ P X< ,   , ݌̌ X$ P P P X  X$     d ,X?($ $ $ P X`hP P P X?  d X ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X?   Basedonthisrecord,ratherthanconsideringthecriticalfactors 2 whichweredirectlyrelatedtotheissueappellantsneedsindetermining $t hisplacementandwithoutanyevidenceofprobablebenefitbeforeit,the f court_rotely_Ԁstatedthestatutoryrequiredfindingthattherewas probable X benefittoappellantfroma_CYA_Ԁcommitment.Thiswasinsufficientas J amatteroflaw. ݌ < Ќ X! P P P XX!   X<% P X`hP P P X<Itisrequiredthatthejuvenilecourtfindthatthereis probable !. benefittoaminorfromacommitmentto_CYA_.Section202makesit #   clearthattheprimarypurposeofjuvenilelawisstilltherehabilitation %!" andbestinterestsoftheminor.(Inre_Teofilio_ԀA.,supra,210_Cal.App_.3d '#$ atp.576,citingInreMichaelD.,supra,188_Cal.App_.3datp.1396.) )$& Further,itisrequiredthattherebesubstantialevidencetosupportthe +&( courtsplacementorder.(See,Inre_Domanic_ԀB.(1994)23_Cal.App_.4th -(* 366,373374,citingX+XԀXX+InreMichaelD.,supra,188_Cal.App_.3datp.1397;  Inre_Telofilio_ԀA.,supra,210_Cal.App_.3datp.579.)Substantialevidence  isdefinedas evidencethatinspiresconfidenceandisofsolidvalue.  (Peoplev.Marshall(1997)15Cal.4th1,34,citingPeoplev.Morris   (1988)46Cal.3d1,19andPeoplev._Bassett_(1968)69Cal.2d122,139.) x  Inthiscase,notonlywasthe evidenceinsubstantial,asrelatedtothe j  issueofwhetherappellantwouldobtainprobablebenefitfroma_CYA_ \  commitment,therewasnoevidencethatappellantwouldbe_benefited_Ԁby N  a_CYA_Ԁcommitment.Evidenceofanybenefittoappellantwas,quite @ simply,missing. 2 ?+ P X`h X?Theonly evidencebeforethecourtofprobablebenefitfroma $t _CYA_Ԁcommitmentwastheprobationreport,andthis_ourt_Ԁ mustpresume f thejudgepredicatedhisdispositionuponthisreport.(Inre_Teofilia_ԀA., X supra,210_Cal.App_.32datp.577.)Aprobationofficerisenjoinedby J section280 torepresenttheinterestsofeachpersonwhohasbeen < adjudgedawardofthecourtandto furnishthecourtsuchinformation !. andassistanceasthecourtmayrequire.(280.) Sincetheinceptionof #   thejuvenilecourtsystemtheprobationofficerhasbornethedutyto %!" adviseandcareforthejuveniledefendant.(B  C    B  C  InreMichaelC.(1978)21 '#$ Cal.3d471,477[reversedonothergroundsinB  C    B  C  Farev.MichaelC.(1979) )$&  442U.S.707,725].) +&( ?% P X`hX ?Theprobationdepartmentrecommendedthatappellantbeplaced   inalicensedresidentialtreatmentfacilitywhichhadspecificprograms  availabletotreatappellants gangissues.Theprobationdepartment  wasabletoidentifyseveralsuchplacementsforwhichappellantwas   eligibleandinwhichhecouldbeplaced.Whilethecourtacknowledged x  thattheprobationdepartmenthadrecommendedalicensedrehabilitation j  facility,andthattheprobationdepartmenthadfound anumberof \  programsthatcanaddressgangissuesthecourtsaidthattheywere all N  opensettings.(RT25.)Inmakingitscommitmentorder,thecourt @ referredtotheprobationdepartmentsrecommendationasonewhich 2  seemedtobe alooserecommendationfortheYouthAuthority8. $t (RT25.) f First,thecourtwasinerror.Theprobationdepartments X recommendationwasclear,andtheprobationdepartmentonly J mentioneda_CYA_Ԁcommitmentintermsof theCourtsconcernfor <  communitysafety8Onlythen,didtheprobationreportsaythata !.  _CYA_Ԁplacementshouldbeconsidered.(CT371.)Therefore,theonly #   referencetoa_CYA_Ԁcommitmentintheprobationreportwasa recited %!" conclusion[]8not[supportedby]solidevidence(Inre_Teofilio_ԀA.,id., '#$ 210_Cal.App_.3datp.545,citingInreJoseP.(1980)101_Cal.App_.3d52, )$& 59.)Theprobationofficersreportandrecommendationdidnotprovide +&( the substantialevidencerequiredtosupportthejuvenilecourts -(* dispositionorder,theprobationreportdidnotmentionasingleprogram  at_CYA_Ԁforwhichappellantwouldbeeligibleorthatwasavailableto  treatappellantsspecificneeds.  Becausethejuvenilecourtdidnothavebeforeitanyfactsabout   whatprogramswereavailabletoaddressappellantsproblemsat_CYA_, x  whetherappellantwouldbeplacedinatreatmentprogram,andwhether j  theprogramwouldprovideprobablebenefittoappellant,quitesimply, \  thejuvenilecourtdidnotproperlyexerciseitsjudicialdiscretion.And, N  basedonthefactscontainedinthisreportitisapparentthatthejuvenile @ courtsdispositionorderwasbasedsolelyonitsconcernthatappellant 2 belockedaway. $t _Whatisclearonthisrecordisthatthereissubstantialevidenceof f theprobablenegativeimpactofaCYAcommitmentonappellant,an X unsophisticatedminor.Thispotentialforanegativeimpactiswell J documented,andthecourtshavebeenawareofitformanyyears.(See, < InreAlineD.,supra,14Cal.3d557.) !.  X 6" X`hX6 2.ThereWasNoEvidenceToSupporttheCourts #   FindingThatAppellantNeededToBePlacedInA $ ! LockedFacility %!"  X <% P X`h  X< Fromthefirstdispositionhearing,thecourtstateditsinsistence '#$ thatappellantbeplacedina lockedfacility.(RT21.)Ultimately,the )$&  courtrejectedtheprobationdepartmentrecommendationbasedsolelyon +&( thefactthatnoneoftheresidentialtreatmentprogramsthathadbeen  recommendedbytheprobationdepartmentwerelockedfacilities.   Therewasnothingonthisrecordtosupportthecourtsposition  thatappellanthadtobeplacedinalockedfacility.Asthiswas   appellantsfirstoffense,hehadnohistoryofviolatingthetermsof x  probation,nohistoryofdefyingcourtorders,andnohistoryofrefusing j  toparticipateinatreatmentprogram.Further,therewasnothingin \  appellantspersonalhistorytoindicateheneededtobeinalocked N  facilityastherewasnoevidencethatappellanthadeverrunawayfrom @ hishome.Whileappellantviolatedhismothersrulesbygoingoutwhen 2 hedidnothavepermission,hewashomeeverynight. $t Therewasnothinginthisrecordotherthanthenatureof f appellantsoffensewhichcouldleadanyreasonablepersontobelieve X thatappellantneededtobeplacedinalockedfacility.But,appellants J offensewasdirectlyrelatedtohis gangissues,andhisparticipation < wasthemostminimalparticipationofanyofthosearrested.Hedidnot !. useanyweaponsduringthefightandmissedaportionofthefight #   becausehechasedJasonM.awayfromthefight.(CT41,44.)Thus, %!" evenunderthefactsoftheoffense,appellantwastheleastculpablein '#$ inflictingtheinjuriesonthevictims.Whileappellantdoesnotseekto )$& minimizetheseriousnessofhisoffense,itmustbeplacedinitproper +&( context. -(*  X  P Therewasnothingintherecordorintheprobationdepartments  reportorrecommendationwhichsupportedthecourtsinsistencethat  appellantbeplacedinalockedfacility.    d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d ,<" X`h$ $ $ P X<   3.ThePublicWillNotBeSaferBecauseofAppellants   CYACommitment ݌   Ќ ! X  X!     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d X ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X?    ݌ x  Ќ  XX     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X? T  Itisclearfromthisrecordthatthecourtssolereasonforitsorder q   committingappellanttoCYAwastoservewhatthecourtbelievedwas c  theinterestofsocietyinitssafety.Thecourtsbeliefthatsocietywould U  besaferifappellantwaslockedawayforuptoeightyearswasnotbased G onanythingotherthan,appellantrespectfullysubmits, wishful 9 thinking.Thesimplefactis,thatafterspendingyearsatCYA,appellant +{ willnotberehabilitated.Hewillnotreceiveeffectivetreatmentandhe m willbecontinuallyexposedtoexactlythoseinfluenceswhichledhimto _ committheoffenseinthefirstinstance,oldercriminalmales. TD݌ Q Ќ  XX   2  d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d X X, X<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X< #  AccordingtotherecentstudyoftheBureauofJustice C Statistics,ofadultoffendersreleasedin1994,67%were < recommittedwithinthreeyears.AsimilarstudyofCYA  5 recidivismshowedthat 91%ofyouthoffendersreleased !. fromtheCYAwillreoffendinthesametimeperiod. "'  8.Thesestartlingstatisticsquantifytheineffectivenessof #   thecurrentjuvenilejusticesystematrehabilitationand $ ! raiseseriousquestionsabouttheefficacyofcurrentstate %!" policies. #݌ & "# Ќ X! XP P P X!     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d X,<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X< 1  (ReporttotheCaliforniaSenateJointCommitteeonPrison '#$ andConstructionOperations,bytheCenteronJuvenile& (#% CriminalJustice: AftercareAsAnAfterthought:Reentry )$& andtheCaliforniaYouthAuthority.(August2002.)p.1. *%' Emphasisinoriginal.Endnotesomitted.[ CJCJRpt.].) 1 ݌ +&(  X! XP P P X!     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d X,<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X< -   -݌ ,') Ќ X! XP P P X!   _  d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d X , X?% P X`h$ $ $ P X?   Thus,whilesocietymayhavesomeprotectionwhileappellantis   in_CYA_scustodyuntilheisage21(607,_subd_.(a)),thestatistical  chancesofsocietyssafetybeingplacedinjeopardyonappellants  releaseisquitehigh,becausethosefactorsandproblemswhichledhim   tojoinagangandcommittheadmittedoffensewillnotonlynotbe x  treated(_CJCJ_ԀRpt.,p.3.),butitishighlyprobablethattheywillbe j  exacerbated. ݌ \  Ќ  XX     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X?   So,thedangerofincreasedcriminalityifappellantisnottreatedis N  real,andsubstantiatedbymanystudiesdoneonjuvenilewardsof_CYA_. ݌ @ Ќ  XX     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d X X, X<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X< D  Afterbeinglabeledandtreatedasadelinquentandhoused 2 withhundredsofotheryouthwithcriminalbackground, +{ manyoffenderssimplylearntobebettercriminals.8 $t Combinedwiththecultureofviolencewithin_CYA_ m institutionsandcamps,wecanexpectthatinstitutional f experiences,ratherthanrehabilitating,willonlymagnify _ theangerandcriminalpotentialofthispopulation. D;݌ X Ќ X! XP P P X!     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d X,<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X<   (_CJCJ_ԀRpt.,p.12.) ݌ Q Ќ X! XP P P X!     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d X,<"P P P X`$ $ $ P X<    z݌̌ X! XP P P X!     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d X , X?% P X`h$ $ $ P X?   Thus,inthiscase,therecordisdevoidofanyevidencetosupport C thecourtsimpliedfindingthatsocietywillbeultimatelybesafer  5 becauseappellanthasbeencommittedto_CYA_. ݌ "' Ќ  XX     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d X ,  ?% P X`h$ $ $ P X?   ********  ݌ $ ! Ќ  XX     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X? Z   Conclusion Z 8 ݌ %!" Ќ  XX     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d ,  ?% P X`h$ $ $ P X?     P Thecourtsabuseofitsdiscretionisclearonthisrecord.The & "# courtignoredtheprobationdepartmentrecommendationandcommitted (#% a14yearoldfirsttimeoffenderto_CYA_Ԁforeightyears,withoutany *%' evidence,muchless substantialevidence,ofbenefittoappellantand ,') noevidencetosupportthecourtsfindingthatappellantneededtobeina  lockedfacility.Itisclearthatratherthantherebeing probablebenefit  toappellant,therecordprovidessubstantialevidencethattherewillbe  detrimenttoappellant,andultimatelytosociety,fromthiscommitment.   ݌   Ќ  XX     d ,<($ $ $ P X`hX<  d ,?% P X`h$ $ $ P X?    P Thecourtscommitmentordermustbereversed,andthismatter x  remandedforfurtherdispositionproceedings. f݌ j  Ќ  XX    Date:June8,2004 \   P     X ________________________________ U   P     X RITAL._SWENOR_ N   P     X AttorneyforAppellant G  P    CERTIFICATEOFWORDCOUNT 2    P I,RitaL._Swenor_,attorneyforappellantherein,docertify $t pursuanttothelawsoftheStateofCaliforniathatthewordcountofthis f AppellantsOpeningBriefis5254words,basedonthecountofthe X MicrosoftWord2000program. J   Dated:June8,2004   X      `   5  P     X   _____________________________ !.  P     X      ` RITAL._SWENOR_ h  "'