WPC ˌ #RbY1@P-$ RG y3%eaȗ[hkR }/ + x>Z^%PI{j} 4 "%{.Fґylk:e~kK-g]i &cA`oj8ޱx]h4Qh%ui[%d۔J tmhocl.HҔ8+,:gr"kz݄79ޏйV"˼/j_M/u4>F,g"@<>P:>̻qXGGt"0K]ZRW8p{uulPţ#aɻ1l_Lj]ߑS2Dzw0ҟ%ŬGBI/U* 0TU>T 0 < 0n 0B< 0~ U,l 0 0: 0W U.G 0?u 0 0.9 0g  08  0'  B 0C3v       0:6p 0#6U N %MMS(WN^ w4 m%2A`Arial' I Thea(0Jonathan Soglin .   <lX:Default ParaS\  `&Times New RomanS?%2A`Arial?\  `&Times New Roman<:Footnote Ref< :Footnote Tex<:Endnote Refe<ZX :Balloon TextA  $TahomaA?%2A`Arial? $Tahoma0> .Footer !>44 <DL!>:8Page Number<\X:documentbodyC  $VerdanaC?%2A`Arial? $Verdana64Hyperlink0> .Header !>44 <DL!>.,TOC 1.DA,TOC 2  8.4 <DL!8  5+ 4 <DL!5  '..      %X%X%  _! !X!    (2$ #o!..      %X%X%    )..      %X%X%  _ ! !X!     (2$ #o!..      %X%X%  _Toc83613502 d($     ~ #o!..      %X%X%  _?+ 4 <DL!X?M        1  Q#  ݀XXMAllfurtherstatutoryreferencesaretotheWelfareandInstitutionsCodeunless X otherwisenoted.MXXM z #o!..      %X%X%  _?+ 4 <DL!X?M        2  Q#  ݀XXMSection726,subdivision(c)statesinpertinentpart:"Iftheminorisremoved X fromthephysicalcustodyofhisorherparentorguardianastheresultofan > orderof_wardship_ԀmadepursuanttoSection602,theordershallspecifythatthe $ minormaynotbeheldinphysicalconfinementforaperiodinexcessofthe   maximumtermofimprisonmentwhichcouldbeimposeduponanadultconvicted  oftheoffenseoroffenseswhichbroughtorcontinuedtheminorunderthe ~ jurisdictionofthejuvenilecourt."XX_Toc83613503_Toc83613504_Toc83613505_Toc83613506_Toc83613507_Toc83613508(2$ #o!..      %X%X%  X  0  #|x(o$..      %X%X%HP LaserJet 1200 Series PCL 60(9 Z6Times New Roman Regular%Xo1 \1o1ɢ0Backup U #o!..      %X%X%  _       XXXX8dd8 X?+4 44 <DL!X? %  I. 4 THEJUVENILECOURT'SERRORINFAILINGTOEXPRESSLY  EXERCISESTATUTORYDISCRETIONREQUIRESREMAND%!!H! %u   XH.4 <DL!444X!H    l<`   H+ 4 <DL!4X!H 4 AsofJanuary1,2004,theCalifornialegislatureamendedWelfare  andInstitutionsCodesection731,subdivision(b)toprovidejuvenilecourts  X withnewdiscretiontoimposelessthanthemaximumtermwhenordering }   CaliforniaYouthAuthorityplacements.     1     .#  Thejuvenilecourtinthiscasedid  B  notexercisethisnewlyconferreddiscretionwhenitcommittedappellantto g  theCaliforniaYouthAuthority,andinstead,simplyimposedthemaximum ,  allowabletermofconfinementpursuanttosection726,subdivision(c).  _|   2     _#   Q  Thisfailurewaserror,andrequiresremandsothatthecourtmayproperly  exercisethediscretionthelegislaturehasrecentlyconferreduponit. ;   E.4 <DL!X!E %  A.  WelfareandInstitutionsCodeSection731RequirestheCourtat  theTimeofCommittingaMinortoYouthAuthoritytoSeta  MaximumTermofCommitmentBasedonanIndividualMinor's  FactsandCircumstances% Ԁ       H+ 4 <DL!4X!H 4 PriortoJanuary1,2004,sections726,subdivision(c)and731  requiredajuvenilecourtcommittingaminortotheCaliforniaYouth R Authoritytoimposethemaximumtermofconfinementforaminor w  committedtotheCaliforniaYouthAuthoritythatwasequivalenttotheadult <" termforthesameoffense.(_Welf_.&Inst.Code726,subd.(c),and731.) a $ EffectiveJanuary1,2004,however,SenateBill459significantlychanged !&& theequationandthecourtsresponsibility. K#(  $ * _Newsection731,subdivision(b),provides:   v B+f ff <DL!X!B f AminorcommittedtotheDepartmentoftheYouthAuthorityalso %u maynotbeheldinphysicalconfinementforaperiodoftimein n excessofthemaximumtermofphysicalconfinementsetbythe g courtbaseduponthefactsandcircumstancesofthematteror  ` matterswhichbroughtorcontinuedtheminorunderthejurisdiction  Y ofthejuvenilecourt,whichmaynotexceedthemaximumperiodof  R adultconfinementasdeterminedpursuanttothissection.  K   D   v H+ 4 <DL!fff X!H 4 Whilethelegislativeintentbehindtheamendmenthasyettobe  =  judiciallyrecognized,thelegislativehistorydemonstratesthatthe b  amendment'sintentwastochangethecalculationofconfinementand '  providediscretiontothejuvenilecourttoimposeatermthatissomething L  lessthanthemaximum.Theintentwastogivetothejuvenilecourta  sentencingchoiceandabilitytochooseatermthatwasbasedonthe 6 individualminor'scircumstancesandmitigatingoraggravatingfactors.  Conferringsuchdiscretioneliminatedthepriorautomaticmaximum  p sentence.   4 Theprimarytaskwhenconstruingastatuteistodeterminethe  Z Legislature'sintent,beginningwiththewordsofthestatute.(Brownv.Kelly  BroadcastingCo.(1989)48Cal.3d711,724.)TheLegislatureispresumed D  tointendeachofthosewords,phrasesandprovisionstohavemeaning i" andtoperformausefulfunction.(Garciav.McCutchen(1997)16Cal.4th  .$ 469,476;McLarand,Vasquez&Partners,Inc.v.DowneySavings&Loan S"& Ass'n(1991)231Cal.App.3d1450,1454.) #(  4 Ifthestatutorylanguageisnotambiguous,thentheLegislatureis =% * presumedtomeanwhatitsaid,andtheplainmeaningofthelanguage &", governs.(Allenv.SullyMillerContractingCo.(2002)28Cal.4th222,227; '(w#. Peoplev.Coronado(1995)12Cal.4th145,151. Q)  /v  Q)  )  # bS   /v  bS  Inamendingsection731, )$0 subdivision(b),theLegislatureaddedthisstatutorylanguage:"8based +a&2 uponthefactsandcircumstancesofthematterormatterswhichbroughtor ,'4 continuedtheminorunderthejurisdictionofthejuvenilecourt."Thewords  herearenotambiguous;theLegislatureintendedthejuvenilecourtto %u determinethetermofconfinementinaCaliforniaYouthAuthority  commitmentbyreviewingandweighingthefactsandcircumstancesofthe  _ underlyingviolationandoftheminor.   #bbdd 4 Thelegislativehistorysupportsthisplainlanguage.Reportsof  I  legislativecommitteesaspartofastatute'slegislativehistorymaybe n   consideredwhenconstruingthemeaningofastatute.Therationalefor 3  consideringcommitteereportswheninterpretingstatutesisthereasonable X  inferencethatthosewhovotedontheproposedmeasurereadand   consideredthematerialspresentedinexplanationofit,andthatthe B materialsthereforeprovidesomeindicationofhowthemeasurewas  understoodatthetimebythosewhovotedtoenactit.(Hutnickv.U.S. ,| FidelityandGuarantyCo.(1988)47Cal.3d456,465,fn.7.)Statementsin  legislativecommitteereportsconcerningthestatutoryobjectsandpurposes f arelegitimateaidswhendetermininglegislativeintent.(NationalR.V.,Inc.v.  Foreman(1995)34Cal.App.4th1072,1083.)Further"...alegislativestaff P  analysis8mayberelevanttoascertaininglegislativeintentwhenthe u" analysisisconsistentwithareasonableinterpretationoftheenactment." :$ PacificBellv.CaliforniaStateandConsumerServicesAgency(1990)225 _ & Cal.App.3d107,116.)"Inasearchtodiscernlegislativeintent,anappellate !$( courtisentitledtotakejudicialnoticeofthevariouslegislativematerials, I#* includingcommitteereports,underlyingtheenactmentofastatute." $ , (Schmidtv.So.CaliforniaRapidTransitDistrict(1993)14Cal.App.4th23, 3&!. 30,fn.10.) '"0 #ddbb 4 Inthiscase,argumentsadvancedinfavorofSenateBill459 )m$2 includedthegoalofgreaterlocalcontrolandenhancedaccountabilityof *%4 theCaliforniaYouthAuthoritythroughgreaterinvolvementofthelocal ,W'6 juvenilecourtjudges whoknowthewardsandunderstandwhat |-(8 rehabilitationseffortsareneededbeforetheyoungoffenderscanreturnto  theircommunities.(SenateRulesCommittee,OfficeofSenateFloor %u Analyses,April4,2003,p.9;alsoseep.4[thisbill authorizesthecourtto  setamaximumtermofconfinementthatisnotnecessarilytheadultterm  _ maximum];SenateCommitteeonPublicSafety,ReportforMarch13,   2003hearing,pp.IJ[new731 wouldprovideforcourtconsiderationof  I  factorsabouttheoffenseandtheoffendershistorywhichwouldbe n   comparabletothoseemployednowforthetriadsentencingofadults,and 3  havethoseconsiderationsreflectedintheCYAconfinementtermordered X  bythecourt.].)Amendedsection731,subdivision(b),isintendedto   providelocalcourtswithdiscretiontoorderlessthanthemaxitermin B CaliforniaYouthAuthoritycommitmentsbasedontheindividual  circumstancesoftheminor. ,|  v B+f ff <DL!X!B %  B. f TheJuvenileCourtinthisCaseFailedtoExercisethe  DiscretionConferredbyStatute,andthus,thisCaseMustbe  Remanded%5)    f v H+ 4 <DL!fff X!H 4 AttheMarch28,2004dispositionalhearing,thecourtfailedto  considertheevidenceandargumentpresentedasbearingonthe J  appropriatetermforappellant'sCaliforniaYouthAuthority,failedtoaddress o" andresolvetheissueofthelengthofthatcommitment,andthusfailedto 4$ exercisethestatutorydiscretionnewlyconferredbyamendedsection731, Y!& subdivision(b).YetUKUS.,wherethelawgivesthetrialcourtdiscretionin "( sentencing,thetrialcourthasaduty,onewayortheother,toexercisethat C$* discretion.(Peoplev.USUK.,Sparks(1969)262Cal.App.2d597,600,fn.3.) %!, "Wherefundamentalrightsareaffectedbytheexerciseofdiscretionbythe -'}". trialcourt,...suchdiscretioncanonlybetrulyexercisedifthereisno (#0 misconceptionbythetrialcourtastothelegalbasisforitsaction."(Inre *g%2 CarmaletaB.(1978)21Cal.3d482,496;Peoplev.Davis(1984)161Cal. +&4 App.3d796,802803.) Toexercisethepowerofjudicialdiscretion,all -Q(6 materialfactsandevidencemustbebothknownandconsidered,together  withlegalprinciplesessentialtoaninformed,intelligentandjustdecision. %u (Peoplev.Lara(2001)86Cal.App.4th139,165,citingPeoplev.Davis,  supra,161Cal.App.3datp.804.) Acourtwhichisunawareofthescope  _ ofitsdiscretionarypowerscannomoreexerciseinformeddiscretionthan   onewhosesentenceisormayhavebeenbasedonmisinformation  I  regardingamaterialaspectofadefendant'srecord.(Peoplev.Lara, n   supra,atpp.165166,citingPeoplev.Belmontes(1983)34Cal.3d335, 3  348,fn.8.) X   4 Accordingly,minorisentitledtohavehiscommitmentrecalledandto   havethecourtsetanappropriatetermafterhearingalloftheevidencein B ordertospecificallyandappropriatelyaddressthisissue.   x B+d dd <DL!X!B %  C. d TheRecordinthisCaseIndicatestheTrialCourtDidNot ,| ApprehendItsDiscretiontoOrderaCommitmentLessthanthe %u MaximumProvidedbyStatute%m4 n  g  x H+ 4 <DL!ddd X!H  4 Noneofthepartiesinthiscase,includingtheprobationdepartment ` andjuvenilecourtjudge,indicatedawarenessthatsection731,subdivision  (b),hadbeenamended. J   4 Theprobationreportonlyconsidereddispositionalalternatives,i.e., o" thelocaljuveniledetentionfacility,agrouphomeslashfosterhomeslash 4$ homeofsuitablerelativeplacement,theTulareYouthServiceBureauSex Y!& OffenderTreatmentProgram.(CT171172.)Theprobationreportsimply "( concludedthatthemostappropriatedispositionwasaCaliforniaYouth C$* Authoritycommitment.(RT172.)Thesectionsinwhichlengthof %!, commitmentwasconsideredmerelyrecitedthemaximumofeightyears. -'}". (RT173["TimeSetting"8years];RT174["Themaximumperiodof (#0 confinementis:8years."].) *g%2  4 ArgumentbybothsideswaslimitedtowhetheraCaliforniaYouth +&4 Authorityplacementwasappropriate.(SeeRT11861197[trialcounsel -Q(6 arguesagainstCYAplacement];RT12011205[prosecutingattorney  reiteratesprobationreportsbasesforCYAplacement].) %u  4 Thecourtaddressedtheissueofdispositionalalternatives,andthus  resolvedit.Ultimately,however,itrecitedthestatutoryfindingsrequiredto  _ supporttheCaliforniaYouthAuthorityplacement,andimposedthe   maximumconfinementtimewithnofurthercomment.(RT1214.)  I   4 Neitherthetranscriptofthehearingnorthereportoftheprobation n   officerreflectanyawarenessthatajuvenilecourtisnowvestedwith 3  discretiontoorderacommitmentlessthanthemaximumterm,butrather, X  reflectedthepreviouscommitmentnormestablishedbysection726,   subdivision(c).Sincethereisnoshowingthetrialcourtknewitcould B commitappellanttosomethinglessthanthemaximumtermunder  appropriatecircumstances,thiscasemustberemandedsothecourtcan ,| expresslyexerciseitsdiscretion.(Peoplev.Manners(1986)180  Cal.App.3d826,83435[departurefromsentencingnormrequiresexpress f justification].)   4 Thefailuretoexerciseaconferreddiscretionconstitutesadenialofa P  fairhearinganddeprivationoffundamentalproceduralrights,andthus, u" requiresreversal.(Peoplev.Penoli(1996)46Cal.App.4th298,306,citing :$ InreRonnieP.(1992)10Cal.App.4th1079,1091;InreGeronimo.(1985) _ & 166Cal.App.3d573;InreWillieT.(1977)71Cal.App.3d345;Reiflerv. !$( SuperiorCourt(1974)39Cal.App.3d479;InreMichaelG.(1977)76 I#* Cal.App.3d872.)Theerrorisnotmerelythatthecourtfailedtoreciteits $ , determinationontheissue;theerrorisafailuretoexercisediscretionand 3&!. failuretoaddressandresolvethatissue.(InreRonnieP.,supra,10 '"0 Cal.App.4th1079,1091,seefn.10.) )m$2  4 Here,therecordindicatesthejuvenilecourtfailedtoaddressthe *%4  issueofhowlongtheminorshouldbecommitted,andthus,failedto ,W'6 resolveit.Appellant'scaseshouldthusberemandedsothatthecourt  canproperlyexercisethediscretionvestedinit. %u  %  D. 4 ThePresumptionofRegularityShouldNotApply%yE    4 Thejuvenilecourt'srelianceontheprobationreportinthiscaseand  _ itssimplerecitationofthemaximumconfinementtimeindicatethecourt   wasnotawareithaddiscretiontoorderlessthanthattermwhenordering  I  aCaliforniaYouthAuthorityplacement.Appellantassertsthisrecordis n   sufficienttodemonstratethetrialcourtdidnotunderstanditsdiscretion.At 3  thesametime,appellantacknowledgesthegeneralruleofappellatereview X  appliesapresumptionofregularity,andthatatrialcourt'sorderis   presumedtobecorrect.(See,e.g.,Corenevskyv.SuperiorCourt(1984) B 36Cal.3d307,321;Peoplev.Garcia(1987)195Cal.App.3d191,198.)  Underthecircumstancespresentedhere,itwouldbeunreasonableto ,| applythispresumptionwhennoneofthedocumentsandreportsthatthe  courtreviewedsuggestedanythingotherthanthemaximumwasanoption, f theamendmenttosection731,subdivision(b)wasnotonlyquiterecentat  thetimeofappellant'sdispositionbutsubstantiallychangedprior P  mandates,andtherehasbeennojudicialdecisiononthisissue.(See u" Peoplev.Fuhrman(1997)16Cal.4th930,945[notappropriatetorely :$ upontherulethatatrialcourtordinarilyispresumedtohavecorrectly _ & appliedthelaworapplywaiverprincipalsindeterminingappropriate !$( remedyin"silentrecord"casessubsequenttoCaliforniaSupremeCourt's I#* rulinginPeoplev.SuperiorCourt(Romero)(1996)13Cal.4th497].) $ ,  4 Thejuvenilecourtinthiscasereliedupontheprobationreport 3&!. analysiswhenitmadeitsfindingsandcommittedappellanttotheCalifornia '"0 YouthAuthority.Thatprobationreportanalysiswasidenticaltotheone )m$2 submittedafterappellant'sfirstjurisdictionalhearing.(CT3944,170176.) *%4 Thefirstreportwasfiledpriortotheeffectivedateofthesection731, ,W'6 subdivision(b)amendment.(RT28,reportfiledJuly15,2003.)Thereis |-(8 noindicationthateithertheprobationdepartmentorthetrialcourtwas  awarethatsection731,subdivision(b)hadbeenamendedtoallowthe %u courtdiscretionwhenorderingatermofconfinementinaCaliforniaYouth  Authoritycommitment.  _  4 Further,anypreviousappellatedecisionsconcerningajuvenile   court'sexerciseofdiscretioninthedispositionalstageofjuvenile  I  proceedingsarelimitedtodiscretionasitrelatestoplacement.Thereare n   nodecisionsconcerningajuvenilecourt'sexerciseofdiscretionwhen 3  orderingatermofplacement,andnoCourtofAppealdecision X  foreshadowedthislegislativedevelopment.Underthesecircumstances,   reliefisappropriatewhenitisoverwhelminglylikelythatthejuvenilecourt B erroneouslyassumeditdidnothavethediscretiontoordersomethingless  thanthemaximumtermofconfinement. ,|  4 Moreover,remandtoallowthejuvenilecourttoproperlyexerciseits  discretionwouldnotbeundulycumbersomeoranymorecostlythanother f remedies.(Cf:Peoplev.Fuhrman,supra,16Cal.4th930,945[compelling  remandinall"silentrecord"Romerocasestoocostlyandcumbersome; P  SuperiorCourtpetitionforwritofhabeascorpusisappropriatevehiclefor u" relief].)Remandinthisjuvenilecasewouldactuallystreamlinetheprocess :$ sincenosection778PetitiontoModifyappellant'stermwouldberequired. _ &  4 Further,remanddirectingthetrialcourttoproperlyexerciseits !$( discretionandspecificallyframetheissuepresentedherepermitsthecourt I#* tomakeameaningfuldecisionbasedontheevidenceaboutanappropriate $ , termofcommitment.Thecourtlimiteditsevaluationoftheconflicting 3&!. psychologicalevaluationstoplacement.Ratherthanadoptingeitherthe '"0 positionofthedefensethatappellantpresentedalowtomoderateriskto )m$2 thecommunity,orthepositionoftheprosecutingattorneythatappellant *%4 presentedahighriskofreoffending,thecourtadoptedamiddleground. ,W'6 (RT1120,1122,1153,1205.)Thecourtdidnotreferencetheaggravating |-(8 circumstancesarguedbytheprosecutor(violence,deception,planning,  sophistication),butinsteadorderedtheCYAplacementtoprovide %u counselingasaprimaryconcern,withthesecondaryconcernsof  accountabilityand"training."(RT1205.)Underthesecircumstances,the  _ courtshouldbegiventheopportunitytoproperlyexerciseitsdiscretion   basedonappellant'scircumstancesandthecircumstancesofthematter  I  thatbroughthimbeforethecourt,particularlywhenthecourtadopteda n   middleroadinitsfindings. 3   4 Finally,requiringanaffirmativerecordthatthecourtexercisedits X  discretionandweighedthefactsandcircumstancesofthismatterthat   broughtthisminorunderitsjurisdictionfurthersthestatedgoalsofthis B legislation:greaterlocalcontrol,enhancedaccountabilityoftheCalifornia  YouthAuthorityandlocaldeterminationofthetermofconfinementinCYA. ,| (SenateRulesCommittee,OfficeofSenateFloorAnalyses,April.4,2003,  pp.4,9,supra.)Requiringanaffirmativerecordwouldfurnishthe f appellatecourtswiththerecordnecessaryformeaningfulreviewofany  claimofabuseofdiscretion,arecordthatanyrulingis"theproductofa P  matureandcarefulreflectiononthepartofthejudge,"andwould"promote u" judicialdeliberationbeforejudicialaction"(SeePeoplev.Green(1980)27 :$ Cal.3d1,24,[requirementtomakeaffirmativerecordthatcourtexercised _ & itsdiscretionandweightedprobativevalueagainstprejudicialeffectunder !$( EvidenceCode352]citingPeoplev.Holt(1972)28Cal.App.3d343,353 I#* [disapprovedonadifferentgroundinEvansv.SuperiorCourt(1974)11 $ , Cal.3d617,625,fn.6,Mercerv.Perez(1968)68Cal.2d104,113.) 3&!.  %  E. 4 RemandisRequired%b '"0   4 Onceanappellanthasshownthetrialcourtmisunderstoodits )m$2 sentencingdiscretion,appellantisentitledtoaresentencinghearingin *%4 frontofthetrialcourt.(E.g.,Peoplev.Metcalf(1996)47Cal.App.4th248, ,W'6 252[onceitisdeterminedthetrialcourtbelievedithadnodiscretion, |-(8 remandisrequired].)Thisentitlementstemsfromadefendant'sdue  processrighttosentencingbyacourtthatisawareofthefullscopeofits %u discretionarysentencingchoices.(U.S.Const,Amend.XIV;Cal.Const.,  art.1,7;see,e.g.,Hicksv.Oklahoma(1980)447U.S.343,346347[65  _ L.Ed.2d175,100S.Ct.2227];UnitedStatesv.Tucker(1972)404U.S.   443,447[30L.Ed.2d592,92S.Ct.589];Townsendv.Burke(1948)334  I  U.S.736,741[92L.Ed.2d1690,68S.Ct.1252];Peoplev.Belmontes, n   supra,34Cal.3d335.) 3   4 Thejuvenilecourtwasnotawareofthefullscopeofitsdiscretionary X  choicesastothelengthoftheCaliforniaYouthAuthoritytermitcould   impose.Instead,itreflexivelyreliedonthecommitmentnormas B expressedinsection726,thatis,themaximumallowableterm.Inaddition,  tofurtherthelegislativegoalsandintentionoftheamendmenttosection ,| 731,subdivision(b),appellantshouldbeentitledtoadispositionalhearing  inwhichthecourtisfullyawareofthescopeofitsdiscretion.Thematter f shouldthereforeberemanded.    %  CONCLUSION % -j P     4 Forallthesereasons,appellant'scaseshouldberemandedsothat u" thetrialcourtcanproperlyexerciseitsdiscretionandorderalengthof :$ confinementbasedonthatexercise. _ & Dated:   <      D RespectfullySubmitted, !$(  4    <      D ________________________ $ ,  4    <      D TheaGreenhalgh %!-